The IJEI commits to preserving the integrity of the scholarly record in full adherence to the Retraction Guidelines established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

1. Corrigenda & Errata (Minor Corrections)
If honest errors or minor omissions (e.g., typographical mistakes, calculation errors, or author naming inaccuracies) occur that do not invalidate the scientific conclusions, a formal Corrigendum (authored by the researchers) or Erratum (authored by the publisher) is published and linked bidirectionally to the original article.

2. Retractions (Major Errors & Misconduct)
An article will be formally retracted if:
- There is clear evidence that scientific findings are unreliable as a result of gross error or data fabrication/falsification;
- The findings have previously been published elsewhere without cross-referencing or permission (redundant publication);
- The manuscript constitutes plagiarism;
- The research violated ethical standards or lacked requisite institutional approvals.

3. Retraction Mechanism
- The original article PDF will not be removed from the server; instead, each page will be clearly watermarked 'RETRACTED' in red.
- A dedicated, citable Retraction Notice titled 'Retraction: [Article Title]' will be published online, detailing the investigation findings and rationale, signed by the Editor-in-Chief on behalf of Universitas Ahmad Dahlan.