Temperature-Controlled Process for Recycled Waste Tire Polymer-Polymer Composites: An Innovative and Sustainable Solution for Marine Fender Applications

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12928/biste.v7i3.13813

Keywords:

Fenders, Recycling, Sustainability, HDPE, RTV, Waste Tire, PID Control

Abstract

Marine fender prototypes play a critical role in protecting the ship and the berthing infrastructure from damage during docking. Recycling waste polymers, such as waste tires, into composite materials for marine fenders, can contribute to environmental sustainability and resource conservation. In marine Fender applications, compression testing often plays a crucial role; we should also test factors such as elasticity, stiffness, and hardness. In this study, pressure and hardness were selected, and Young's modulus was calculated for two types of composite materials: one manufactured from waste tires and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and the other from waste tires and room-temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone both in varying proportions. These types of materials were produced using a press machine equipped with a PID controller, which enables the adjustment of the temperature to a desired value, thereby achieving the best results. Prototypes containing 85% waste tire with 15% HDPE and 50% waste tire with 50% RTV silicone showed superior energy absorption and durability for marine fender applications. Despite achieving satisfactory hardness and hardness values, the waste tire and RTV silicone composite did not exceed those of the waste tire and HDPE composites, which had Young's modulus and Shore hardness values of 1.74 MPa and 56.6, respectively. The compression test showed that the waste tire and RTV silicone composites achieved higher values, surpassing 1990 kN. The findings provide a crucial foundation for utilizing waste composite materials in marine fender production.

Author Biographies

Ali Habel Zaibel, University of Basrah

Dr. Ali Habel Zaibel is a lecturer in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Basrah, Iraq. He received his Ph.D. in 2000 from the University of Basrah, focusing on the analysis of creep, recovery, and relaxation behaviors of plastics under combined loading systems. He also earned his M.Sc. in 1995 from the same university, specializing in fracture mechanics analysis using the Boundary Element Method. His B.Sc. degree was obtained from the University of Kuwait. Dr. Zaibel's research interests include material behavior under complex loading, fracture mechanics, and tribological systems, and he has published work on topics such as the dynamically loaded analysis of adjustable hydrodynamic pad bearings.

Safaa A. S. Almtori, University of Basrah

Prof. Dr. Safaa A. S. Almtori is a professor at the College of Materials Engineering, University of Basrah, Iraq. He earned his M.Sc. from the University of Baghdad in 1993 and his Ph.D. from the University of Basrah in 2000, specializing in the evaluation of epoxy and composite materials. His research focuses on polymer composites, recycling of waste materials, and sustainable manufacturing processes. He has published several papers on topics such as thermoelectric properties, polymer-based composites, and the reuse of industrial and household waste in engineering applications.

Abdel-Nasser Sharkawy, South Valley University

Abdel-Nasser Sharkawy is an associate Professor at Mechatronics Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, South Valley University (SVU), Qena, Egypt. Sharkawy was graduated with a first-class honors B.Sc. degree in May 2013 and received his M.Sc. degree in April 2016 from Mechatronics Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, SVU, Egypt. In March 2020, Sharkawy received his Ph.D. degree from Robotics Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece. His PhD was about “Intelligent Control and Impedance Adjustment for Efficient Human-Robot Cooperation”. Sharkawy has an excellent experience for teaching the under-graduate and postgraduate courses in the field of Mechatronics and Robotics Engineering. Sharkawy has published more than 75 papers in international scientific journals, book chapters and international scientific conferences. He serves as reviewer for about 50 journals and 10 conferences. His research areas of interest include robotics, human-robot interaction, mechatronic systems, neural networks, machine learning, and control and automation.

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Published

2025-09-05

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[1]
A. H. Zaibel, S. A. S. Almtori, R. Al-Sabur, and A.-N. Sharkawy, “Temperature-Controlled Process for Recycled Waste Tire Polymer-Polymer Composites: An Innovative and Sustainable Solution for Marine Fender Applications”, Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 468–480, Sep. 2025.

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Vol. 7 No. 3 (2025): September

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Copyright (c) 2025 Ali Habel Zaibel, Safaa A. S. Almtori, Raheem Al-Sabur, Abdel-Nasser Sharkawy

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