A correspondence analysis of English proficiency and demographic factors among EFL students at Burapha University, Thailand
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12928/eltej.v8i2.13434Keywords:
language proficiency, EFL Learners, demographic association, BUU-CET U levelAbstract
The study aimed to determine the correspondence association between English proficiency (BUU-CET U Level) and demographic factors of EFL students at Burapha University, Thailand. The sample consisted of 385 non-English major students who took the BUU-CET U exam at Burapha University. Data on BUU-CET U score (level 1-4) and demographic factors were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and a correspondence analysis. The results showed that English proficiency, as indicated by the students’ BUU-CET U level, was not associated with gender. The proficiency level 4 tended to associate with the age group of more than 22 years, corresponded most with 5th-year and 6th-year students, and the Health Science faculty group, with a strong association. Students from high-income families tended to have high proficiency at level 4, and students from moderate-income families tended to have moderate proficiency at level 2. According to parents’ education, students whose fathers finished a master’s degree had the most correspondence with the level 4, and students whose mothers obtained a bachelor's degree had the most correspondence with the level 1 and level 3. For parents’ occupation, students whose fathers were freelancers tended to associate closely with level 2, and students whose mothers were housewives had the most correspondence with level 2 and level 4.
References
Al-Saadi, Z. (2020). Gender differences in writing: The mediating effect of language proficiency
and writing fluency in text quality. Cogent Education, 1, 1–19.
https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2020.1770923
Arisa JK. (2018). Interesting Facts [Scholarship aboard]. What is the minimum TOEIC score
required to work at 17 famous companies in Thailand? https://www.scholarship.in.th/17-
company-that-require-toeic/
Azkiyah, S. N. (2018). Do Faculty and Gender Matter to Students’ English Proficiency Score?
Tarbiya: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 5(2), 116–125.
Azkiyah, S. N., Rahmawati, Y., Shohibussirri, M., Nisa, Y. F., Sunengsih, N., & Mukminin, A.
(2023). English Proficiency as a Predictor of Academic Performance in the Context of
Non-English as a Medium of Instruction. PASAA Journal, 65, 32–56.
Baker, C. E. (2013). Fathers’ and Mothers’ Home Literacy Involvement and Children’s Cognitive
and Social Emotional Development: Implications for Family Literacy Programs. Applied
Developmental Science, 17(4), 184–197.
Baker, C. E. (2014). African American Fathers’ Contributions to Children’s Early Academic
Achievement: Evidence From Two-Parent Families From the Early Childhood
Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort. Early Education and Development, 25(1), 19–35.
BUULI. (2025). BUU CET-U Burapha University Communicative English Test for University
Examinee Handbook. BUULI.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1G60ZelUnM1LzRh9lCtG0LVpglXsKM5Pd/view
Crawford, C. (2014). Socio-economic differences in university outcomes in the UK: drop-out,
degree completion and degree class. University of Warwick and Institute for Fiscal
Studies.
Cynthia Tsui. (2024). Impact of English proficiency and self-efficacy on EMI content learning a
longitudinal study in Taiwan. De Gruyter Mouton, 13(1), 139–162.
Din, K. ud, & Saeed, M. (2018). Relationship between University Students’ English Proficiency,
Academic Achievement and their Satisfaction on Teacher Feedback. Bulletin of Education
and Research, 40(3), 129–143.
Duursma, E., Pan, B. A., & Raikes, H. (2008). Predictors and Outcomes of Low-Income Fathers’
Reading with their Toddlers. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 23, 351–365.
Farah, M. J. (2018). Socioeconomic Status and the Brain: Prospects for Neuroscience-Informed
Policy. Nature Review Neuroscience, 9(7), 428–438.
Fortes, A. C. G., Dy, Ma. C. D., & Dellosa, A. L. (2022). Exploring the Relationship Among
Gender, Language Proficiency, and Language Learning Strategies (LLS) Among College
ESL Students. Sorsogon Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 1(1), 66–
Greenacre, M. (2017). Correspondence Analysis in Practice (3rd ed.). Chapman and Hall/CRC.
Haya Alotaibi. (2024). The Difference between Males and Females in First Language Acquisition.
Sociology Between the Gaps: Forgotten and Neglected Topics, 9.
Liu, Z. (2015). Factors Affecting English Listening and Speaking Abilities of Non-English Major
Students: Taking Engineering Students as an Example. World Transactions on
Engineering and Technology Education, 13(4), 593–597.
Nafrizam, N. F. S. B., & Jamaluddin, A. S. B. (2023). Family Household Income and Children’s
English Proficiency in Malaysia: A Case Study [Iafor The International Academic Forum].
Nguyen, L., Nguyen, H., Tran, T. T. N., Le, M. Q., & Ziyi, Z. (2021). Factors influencing English
proficiency: An empirical study of Vietnamese students. Management Science Letters, 11,
–1786.
Ntabwoba, L., & Sikubwabo, C. (2024). Influence of Family Background on English Language
Proficiency among Learners in Nine and Twelve Years Basic Education Schools: A Case
of Musanze District, Rwanda. African Journal of Empirical Research, 5(2), 119–134.
Pei, J., & Pamintuan, C. F. (2024). Factors Influencing of School Type, Parental Educational
Background, Gender, and Age on the English Language Speaking Proficiency of Chinese
College Students. International Journal of Language Education, 8(2), 185–198.
Prasobnet, S. (2018). Factors Affecting Academic Achievement in English Listening-Speaking
Course. Prince of Songkla University.
Pratomo, H. T. A., Adriani, R. B., & Akhyar, M. (2016). Association Between Parental Education,
Occupation, Income, Language Activity, and Language Proficiency in Children.
Indonesian Journal of Medicine, 1(3), 152–159.
Preepool, N. (2017). The Comparison of Learning Factors and Autonomous English Learning
between Grade 12 Students in Sceince-Mathematics and Art-English Programs [Thesis].
Burapha University.
Rahman, N. B. A. (2016). Factors Affecting the Level of English Proficiency Among International
Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Undergraduate students. International Islamic
University Malaysia (Iium).
Rianto, A. (2021). Examining Gender Differences in Reading Strategies, Reading Skills, and
English Proficiency of EFL University Students. Cogent Education, 8(1), 1993531.
https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2021.1993531
Ross, C. E., & Wu, C. (1995). The Links Between Education and Health. American Sociological
Review, 60(5), 719–745. https://doi.org/10.2307/2096319
Serquina, E. A., & Batang, B. L. (2018). Demographic, Psychological Factors and English
Proficiency of ESL Students. TESOL International Journal, 13(4), 182–191.
Trebits, A., Koch, M. J., Ponto, K., Bruhn, A.-C., Adler, M., & Kersten, K. (2021). Cognitive gains
and socioeconomic status in early second language acquisition in immersion and EFL
learning settings. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 1–14.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2021.1943307
Triwittayayon, T., & Sarobol, N. (2018). Factors Enhancing English Speaking Ability: Perspectives
from Thai High School Students and Their Teachers. Thaitesol Journal, 31(1), 49–64.
Varghese, C., & Wachen, J. (2015). The Determinants of Father Involvement and Connections to
Children’s Literacy and Language Outcomes: Review of the Literature. Marriage &
Family Review, 52(4), 331–359.
Volodina, A., Heppt, B., & Weinert, S. (2021). Effects of socioeconomic status and language use
on academic language proficiency in children with a migration background: An evaluation
using quantile regressions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 65.
Yahaya, A., Yahaya, N., Lean, O. C., Bon, A. T., & Ismail, S. (2011). Factors contributing to
proficiency in English as a second language among Chinese students in Johor Bahru. Elixir
Psychology, 41, 5837–5848.
Yen, P. H., Hien, T. M., & Quyen, V. P. (2019). A review of factors influencing learners’ gain of
English proficiency. Can Tho University Journal of Science, 11(1), 49–59.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Piyapohn Pohnsuriya

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in ELTEJ agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the ELTEJ right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) the work for any purpose, even commercially with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in ELTEJ. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in ELTEJ. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).




