ANALISA PENGARUH KINERJA KEUANGAN DAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP KEMUNGKINAN TERJADINYA FINANCIAL STATEMENT FRAUD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12928/j.reksa.v6i1.1375Keywords:
Financial Statement Fraud, Financial Distress, Liquidity, Leverage, Corporate GovernanceAbstract
The objective of this research to analyze factors that have impact to financial statement fraud. Independent factors used in this research consists of financial distress, liquidity, leverage, and corporate governance. In other hand, the objective of this research also to analyze the factors that have influence to financial distress. Independent factors used in this research consist of profitability, liquidity, leverage, and corporate governance. Samples is all of manufacturing companies that listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) period 2011-2015. Sampling method using purposive sampling with criterias setted by researcher and got 634 companies as the samples. Method of data analysis using path analysis and use PLS as software assisted. The results of this research are financial distress, liquidity, leverage, and corporate governance have a significant influence to financial statement fraud. In other hand profitability, liquidity, leverage, and corporate governance have significant influence to the financial distress.
References
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Aghghaleh, S. F., Iskandar, T. M., & Mohamed, Z. M. (2014). Fraud Risk Factors of Fraud Triangle and the Likelihood of Fraud Occurrence : Evidence from. Information Management and Business Review, 6(1), 1–7.
Ainul, W., Wan, A., Razali, M., & Arshad, R. (2014). Disclosure of corporate governance structure and the likelihood of fraudulent financial reporting. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 145, 243–253. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.06.032
Albrecht, C., Holland, D., Malaguen, R., Dolan, S., & Tzafrir, S. (2015). The Role of Power in Financial Statement Fraud Schemes. J Bus Ethics, 131, 803–813. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-2019-1
Albrecht, W. S., Albrecht, C. O., Albrecht, C. C., & Zimbelman, M.F. (2011). Fraud Examination (Fourth ed.). Mason: South-Western.
Amara, I., Amar, A. Ben, & Jarboui, A. (2013). Detection of Fraud in Financial Statements : French Companies as a Case Study. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(5), 456–472.
Amirya, M., & Atmini, S. (2008). Determinan Tingkat Hutang Serta Hubungan Tingkat Hutang Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan: Perspektif Pecking Order Theory. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Indonesia, 5(2), 227–244.
Andreas, Tanjung, A. R., & Sentosa, H. (2009). Pengaruh Financial Distress Dan Corporate Governance Terhadap Rekayasa Laporan Keuangan. Jurnal Ekonomi, 17(2), 38–50.
Association of Certified Fraud Examiner. (2014). Report to The Nations On Occupational Fraud and Abuse. ACFE. Retrieved January 3, 2016, from www.acfe.com
Azlina, N. (2010). Analisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Manajamen Laba (Studi Pada Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar di BEI). Pekbis Jurnal, 2(3), 355–363.
Badan Pengawas Pasar Modal (Bapepam). 2002. Siaran Pers Badan Pengawas Pasar Modal. 27 Desember.
Baihaqy, F., & Kusuma, H. (2012). Persepsi akuntan terhadap indikasi kecurangan kecurangan pelaporan keuangan. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Auditing Indonesia, 16(2), 159–174.
Black, H.C. (1979), Blacks law Dictionary, 5th edition, St. Paul Minnesota, West Publishing Co.
Detik Finance. (2015). Kasus Skandal Keuangan, CEO Toshiba Mundur. Diakses 3 Januari, 2016, dari www.finance.detik.com
Edelherz (1977). White – collar and Professional Crime: The Challenge for the 1980s. American Behavioural Scientist, Vol. 27, Pp 109 – 128.
Ernst and Young. (2009). Driving ethical growth — new markets , new challenges 11th Global Fraud Survey Contents.
Financial Accounting Standards Board. (2008). Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 1. Original Pronouncement. Retrieved January 3, 2016, from www.fasb.org
Hanifa, S. I. (2015). Pengaruh Fraud Indicators Terhadap Fraudulent Financial Statement.
Hapsari, E. I. (2012). Kekuatan Rasio Keuangan Dalam Memprediksi Kondisi Financial Distress Perusahaan Manufaktur Di BEI. Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 3(2), 101–109.
Harahap, L., & Wardhani, R. (2006). Analisis Komprehensif Pengaruh Family Ownership, Masalah Keagenan, Kebijakan Dividen, Kebijakan Hutang, Corporate Governance Dan Opportunity Growth Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan, (2006), 1–36.
Hardiningsih, P., & Oktaviani, R. M. (2012). Determinan Kebijakan Hutang (Dalam Agency Theory Dan Pecking Order Theory). Dinamika AKuntansi, Keuangan Dan Perbankan, 1(1), 11–24.
Healy, P. M., & Wahlen, J. M. (1999). A review of the earnings management literature and its implications for standard setting. Accounting Horizons, 13(4), 365.
Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia. (2009). Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan. Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia.
Ilman, M., Zakaria, A., & Nindito, M. (2011). The Influences Of Micro And Macro Variables Toward Financial Distress Condition On Manufacture Companies Listed In Indonesia Stock Exchange In 2009. International Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences, 3, 1–12.
Kanapickiene, R., & Grundiene, Z. (2015). The Model of Fraud Detection in Financial Statements by Means of Financial Ratios. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 321–327. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.545
Law, P. (2011). Corporate governance and no fraud occurrence in organizations. Managerial Auditing Journal, 26(6), 501–518. http://doi.org/10.1108/02686901111142558
Lehmann, E., & Warning, S. (2004). Governance Structures , Multidimensional Efficiency and Firm Profitability. Journal of Management and Governance, 8, 279–304.
Liputan 6. 2009. Dua Direksi Waskita Dicopot. Diakses 14 April 2016, dari news.liputan6.com
Li, H., Wang, Z., & Deng, X. (2008). Ownership , independent directors , agency costs and financial distress : evidence from Chinese listed companies. Corporate Governance, 8(5), 622–636. http://doi.org/10.1108/14720700810913287
Mardiana, A. (2015). Effect Ownership, Accountant Public Office, and Financial Distress to the Public Company Financial Fraudulent Reporting in Indonesia. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 7(2), 109–115.
Martantya, & Daljono. (2013). Pendeteksian KEcurangan Laporan Keuangan Melalui Faktor Risiko Tekanan Dan Peluang (Studi Kasus Pada Perusahaan Yang Mendapat Sanksi Dari BAPEPAM Periode 2002-2006). Diponegoro Journal Of Accounting, 2(2), 1–12.
Muhammad Ma’ruf, Tsunami Finansial: Peluang Bisnis dan Investasi Indonesia dan setiap Individu di Tahun 2009 (Jakarta: Penerbit Hikmah, 2009), hlm. 43-44.
Nauval, M. (2013). Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Kecenderungan Financial Statement Fraud Dalam Perspektif Fraud Triangle (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar Di BEI Periode 2009-2013), 1(1), 1–24.
Ngan, S. C. (2013). The impact of politically-connected executives in fraudulent financial reporting : Evidence based on the H. African Journal of Business Management, 7(18), 1875–1884. http://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM12.530
Nguyen, K. (2008). Financial Statement Fraud : Motives, Methods, Cases and Detection. Dissertation.com.
Norbarani, L. (2012). Pendeteksian Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan Dengan Analisis Fraud Triangle Yang Diadopsi Dalam SAS No.99, (99). Skripsi. Semarang : Fakultas Ekonomi Undip
Okoye, E. ., & Gbegi, D. . (2013). An Evaluation Of The Effect Of Fraud And Related Financial Crimes On The Nigerian Economy. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 2(7), 81–92.
Perols, J. L., & Lougee, B. A. (2011). Advances in Accounting , incorporating Advances in International Accounting The relation between earnings management and financial statement fraud ☆. International Journal of Cardiology, 27(1), 39–53. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2010.10.004
Priego, A. M., & Merino, E. (2015). Corporate Governance Effect On Financial Distress Likelihood : Evidence From Spain. Spanish Accounting Review, 30(20), 11. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsar.2015.04.001
Rezaee, Z. 2002. Financial Statement Fraud: Prevention and Detection. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Siregar, R. I., & Fauzie, S. (2012). Analisis Manfaat Rasio Keuangan Dalam Memprediksi Financial Distress Pada Perbankan (2007-2012). Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan, 2(12), 716–726.
Skousen, C. J., Smith, K. R., & Wright, C. J. (2008). Detecting and predicting financial statement fraud: the effectiveness of the fraud traingle and. http://ssrn.com/abstract=1295494, (99).
Sofyaningsih, S., & Hardiningsih, P. (2011). Struktur Kepemilikan, Kebijakan Dividen, Kebijakan Utang Dan Nilai Perusahaan. Dinamika Keuangan Dan Perbankan, 3(1), 68–87.
Suara-Islam.com. (2015). Skandal Akuntansi Toshiba, Pelajaran Bagi Lembaga Bisnis Syariah. Diakses 3 Januari, 2016, dari www.suara-islam.com
Tarjo, & Herawati, N. (2015). Application of Beneish M-Score Models and Data Mining to Detect Financial Fraud. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211(September), 924–930. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.122
Tiffani, L., & Marfuah. (2015). Deteksi Financial Statement Fraud dengan Analisis Fraud Triangle pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Simposium Nasional Akuntansi, XVII(16-19 September).
Tunggal, A. W. (2011). Teori dan kasus kecurangan akuntansi dan keuangan. Jakarta: HARVINDO.
Waznah, A., Aima, N., & Mohd, Z. (2015). Earnings Management : An Analysis of Opportunistic Behaviour , Monitoring Mechanism and Financial Distress. Procedia Economics and Finance, 28(13-14 April), 190–201. http://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01100-4
Widarjo, W., & Setiawan, D. (2009). Pengaruh Rasio Keuangan Terhadap Kondisi Financial Distress Perusahaan Otomatif. Jurnal Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 11(2), 107–119.
Wijaya, V. A., & Christiawan, Y. J. (2014). Pengaruh Kompensasi Bonus, Leverage, Dan Pajak Terhadap Earning Management Pada Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2009-2013. Tax & Accounting Review, 4(1).
Wiryadi, A., & Sebrina, N. (2013). Pengaruh Asimetri Informasi, Kualitas Audit, dan Struktur Kepemilikan Terhadap Manajemen Laba. Wahana Riset Akuntansi, 1(2), 155–180.
Aghghaleh, S. F., Iskandar, T. M., & Mohamed, Z. M. (2014). Fraud Risk Factors of Fraud Triangle and the Likelihood of Fraud Occurrence : Evidence from. Information Management and Business Review, 6(1), 1–7.
Ainul, W., Wan, A., Razali, M., & Arshad, R. (2014). Disclosure of corporate governance structure and the likelihood of fraudulent financial reporting. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 145, 243–253. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.06.032
Albrecht, C., Holland, D., Malaguen, R., Dolan, S., & Tzafrir, S. (2015). The Role of Power in Financial Statement Fraud Schemes. J Bus Ethics, 131, 803–813. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-2019-1
Albrecht, W. S., Albrecht, C. O., Albrecht, C. C., & Zimbelman, M.F. (2011). Fraud Examination (Fourth ed.). Mason: South-Western.
Amara, I., Amar, A. Ben, & Jarboui, A. (2013). Detection of Fraud in Financial Statements : French Companies as a Case Study. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(5), 456–472.
Amirya, M., & Atmini, S. (2008). Determinan Tingkat Hutang Serta Hubungan Tingkat Hutang Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan: Perspektif Pecking Order Theory. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Indonesia, 5(2), 227–244.
Andreas, Tanjung, A. R., & Sentosa, H. (2009). Pengaruh Financial Distress Dan Corporate Governance Terhadap Rekayasa Laporan Keuangan. Jurnal Ekonomi, 17(2), 38–50.
Association of Certified Fraud Examiner. (2014). Report to The Nations On Occupational Fraud and Abuse. ACFE. Retrieved January 3, 2016, from www.acfe.com
Azlina, N. (2010). Analisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Manajamen Laba (Studi Pada Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar di BEI). Pekbis Jurnal, 2(3), 355–363.
Badan Pengawas Pasar Modal (Bapepam). 2002. Siaran Pers Badan Pengawas Pasar Modal. 27 Desember.
Baihaqy, F., & Kusuma, H. (2012). Persepsi akuntan terhadap indikasi kecurangan kecurangan pelaporan keuangan. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Auditing Indonesia, 16(2), 159–174.
Black, H.C. (1979), Blacks law Dictionary, 5th edition, St. Paul Minnesota, West Publishing Co.
Detik Finance. (2015). Kasus Skandal Keuangan, CEO Toshiba Mundur. Diakses 3 Januari, 2016, dari www.finance.detik.com
Edelherz (1977). White – collar and Professional Crime: The Challenge for the 1980s. American Behavioural Scientist, Vol. 27, Pp 109 – 128.
Ernst and Young. (2009). Driving ethical growth — new markets , new challenges 11th Global Fraud Survey Contents.
Financial Accounting Standards Board. (2008). Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 1. Original Pronouncement. Retrieved January 3, 2016, from www.fasb.org
Hanifa, S. I. (2015). Pengaruh Fraud Indicators Terhadap Fraudulent Financial Statement.
Hapsari, E. I. (2012). Kekuatan Rasio Keuangan Dalam Memprediksi Kondisi Financial Distress Perusahaan Manufaktur Di BEI. Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 3(2), 101–109.
Harahap, L., & Wardhani, R. (2006). Analisis Komprehensif Pengaruh Family Ownership, Masalah Keagenan, Kebijakan Dividen, Kebijakan Hutang, Corporate Governance Dan Opportunity Growth Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan, (2006), 1–36.
Hardiningsih, P., & Oktaviani, R. M. (2012). Determinan Kebijakan Hutang (Dalam Agency Theory Dan Pecking Order Theory). Dinamika AKuntansi, Keuangan Dan Perbankan, 1(1), 11–24.
Healy, P. M., & Wahlen, J. M. (1999). A review of the earnings management literature and its implications for standard setting. Accounting Horizons, 13(4), 365.
Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia. (2009). Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan. Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia.
Ilman, M., Zakaria, A., & Nindito, M. (2011). The Influences Of Micro And Macro Variables Toward Financial Distress Condition On Manufacture Companies Listed In Indonesia Stock Exchange In 2009. International Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences, 3, 1–12.
Kanapickiene, R., & Grundiene, Z. (2015). The Model of Fraud Detection in Financial Statements by Means of Financial Ratios. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 321–327. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.545
Law, P. (2011). Corporate governance and no fraud occurrence in organizations. Managerial Auditing Journal, 26(6), 501–518. http://doi.org/10.1108/02686901111142558
Lehmann, E., & Warning, S. (2004). Governance Structures , Multidimensional Efficiency and Firm Profitability. Journal of Management and Governance, 8, 279–304.
Liputan 6. 2009. Dua Direksi Waskita Dicopot. Diakses 14 April 2016, dari news.liputan6.com
Li, H., Wang, Z., & Deng, X. (2008). Ownership , independent directors , agency costs and financial distress : evidence from Chinese listed companies. Corporate Governance, 8(5), 622–636. http://doi.org/10.1108/14720700810913287
Mardiana, A. (2015). Effect Ownership, Accountant Public Office, and Financial Distress to the Public Company Financial Fraudulent Reporting in Indonesia. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 7(2), 109–115.
Martantya, & Daljono. (2013). Pendeteksian KEcurangan Laporan Keuangan Melalui Faktor Risiko Tekanan Dan Peluang (Studi Kasus Pada Perusahaan Yang Mendapat Sanksi Dari BAPEPAM Periode 2002-2006). Diponegoro Journal Of Accounting, 2(2), 1–12.
Muhammad Ma’ruf, Tsunami Finansial: Peluang Bisnis dan Investasi Indonesia dan setiap Individu di Tahun 2009 (Jakarta: Penerbit Hikmah, 2009), hlm. 43-44.
Nauval, M. (2013). Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Kecenderungan Financial Statement Fraud Dalam Perspektif Fraud Triangle (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar Di BEI Periode 2009-2013), 1(1), 1–24.
Ngan, S. C. (2013). The impact of politically-connected executives in fraudulent financial reporting : Evidence based on the H. African Journal of Business Management, 7(18), 1875–1884. http://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM12.530
Nguyen, K. (2008). Financial Statement Fraud : Motives, Methods, Cases and Detection. Dissertation.com.
Norbarani, L. (2012). Pendeteksian Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan Dengan Analisis Fraud Triangle Yang Diadopsi Dalam SAS No.99, (99). Skripsi. Semarang : Fakultas Ekonomi Undip
Okoye, E. ., & Gbegi, D. . (2013). An Evaluation Of The Effect Of Fraud And Related Financial Crimes On The Nigerian Economy. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 2(7), 81–92.
Perols, J. L., & Lougee, B. A. (2011). Advances in Accounting , incorporating Advances in International Accounting The relation between earnings management and financial statement fraud ☆. International Journal of Cardiology, 27(1), 39–53. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2010.10.004
Priego, A. M., & Merino, E. (2015). Corporate Governance Effect On Financial Distress Likelihood : Evidence From Spain. Spanish Accounting Review, 30(20), 11. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsar.2015.04.001
Rezaee, Z. 2002. Financial Statement Fraud: Prevention and Detection. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Siregar, R. I., & Fauzie, S. (2012). Analisis Manfaat Rasio Keuangan Dalam Memprediksi Financial Distress Pada Perbankan (2007-2012). Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan, 2(12), 716–726.
Skousen, C. J., Smith, K. R., & Wright, C. J. (2008). Detecting and predicting financial statement fraud: the effectiveness of the fraud traingle and. http://ssrn.com/abstract=1295494, (99).
Sofyaningsih, S., & Hardiningsih, P. (2011). Struktur Kepemilikan, Kebijakan Dividen, Kebijakan Utang Dan Nilai Perusahaan. Dinamika Keuangan Dan Perbankan, 3(1), 68–87.
Suara-Islam.com. (2015). Skandal Akuntansi Toshiba, Pelajaran Bagi Lembaga Bisnis Syariah. Diakses 3 Januari, 2016, dari www.suara-islam.com
Tarjo, & Herawati, N. (2015). Application of Beneish M-Score Models and Data Mining to Detect Financial Fraud. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211(September), 924–930. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.122
Tiffani, L., & Marfuah. (2015). Deteksi Financial Statement Fraud dengan Analisis Fraud Triangle pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Simposium Nasional Akuntansi, XVII(16-19 September).
Tunggal, A. W. (2011). Teori dan kasus kecurangan akuntansi dan keuangan. Jakarta: HARVINDO.
Waznah, A., Aima, N., & Mohd, Z. (2015). Earnings Management : An Analysis of Opportunistic Behaviour , Monitoring Mechanism and Financial Distress. Procedia Economics and Finance, 28(13-14 April), 190–201. http://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01100-4
Widarjo, W., & Setiawan, D. (2009). Pengaruh Rasio Keuangan Terhadap Kondisi Financial Distress Perusahaan Otomatif. Jurnal Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 11(2), 107–119.
Wijaya, V. A., & Christiawan, Y. J. (2014). Pengaruh Kompensasi Bonus, Leverage, Dan Pajak Terhadap Earning Management Pada Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2009-2013. Tax & Accounting Review, 4(1).
Wiryadi, A., & Sebrina, N. (2013). Pengaruh Asimetri Informasi, Kualitas Audit, dan Struktur Kepemilikan Terhadap Manajemen Laba. Wahana Riset Akuntansi, 1(2), 155–180.
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