Inclusive Growth in Northern and Southern Central Java
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12928/optimum.v11i2.4583Abstract
Inclusive growth is one of the visions of sustainable development. Economic growth of a region is said to be inclusive if it is able to reduce poverty, reduce inequality and absorb more labour. Central Java is one of the regions with fairly high economic growth but has various social problems. Therefore, this study wants to see the inclusiveness of economic growth in the North and South Central Java region. The research is based on data from 35 districts in Central Java, which adopts the concept formulated by Klasen (2010) regarding the Poverty-Equivalent Growth Rate (PEGR). The research shows that during the 2018-2020 period, Central Java had not consistently has inclusive growth. Meanwhile, inclusive growth for the three indicators in 2018 mostly occurred in the northern part of Central Java but was more and more balanced.
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Sitorus, Agnes Vera Yanti and Arsani, Ade Marsinta (2016). Comparison of Inclusive Economic Growth in 33 Provinces of Indonesia 2010-2015: Case Study Using ADB, WEF, AND UNDP Approach Methods. Journal of Development Planning. 64-77
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Suryanarayana, MH 2008. Inclusive Growth: What is so exclusive about it?. Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai.
Asian Development Bank. (2010). Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific. Asian Development Bank : Mandaluyong City, Philippines.
Asian Development Bank. (2011). Framework of Inclusive Growth Indicators Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2011 Special Supplement. Philippines: Asian Development Bank.
Azwar. (2016). Inclusive growth in South Sulawesi and the factors influencing it. BPPK Journal, 9(2), 216-242
Basri. 2016. Analysis of Capital Expenditure, Investment, and Labour on South Sulawesi Economic Growth. Economics and Education, XIV(2).
Cahyadi, NMAK, Sasongko, & Saputra, PMA (2018). Inclusive growth and leading sector in Bali. Economic Journal of Emerging Markets, 10(1), 99-110.
Central Java Province BPS (2021a). Poverty Line, Number, and Percentage of Poor Population in Central Java Province, 2007 - 2020. Retrieved date: July 14, 2021 from https://jateng.bps.go.id/statictable/2021/04/16/2457/garis-kemiskinan-jumlah-dan percentage-penresident-miskin-di-provinsi-jawa-tengah -2007---2020.html .
Central Java Province BPS (2021 b ). Gini Ratio, 2016-2021. Retrieved date: July 14, 2021 from https://jateng.bps.go.id/indicator/23/101/1/gini-ratio-semesteran-.html .
Central Java Province BPS (2021 c ). Total Labour Force 2009-20 2 0 . Retrieved date: July 14, 2021 from https://jateng.bps.go.id/indicator/6/82/4/jumlah-angkatan-kerja.html .
Central Java Province BPS (2021 d ). GRDP at 2010 Constant Prices by District/City in Central Java (Million Rupiah), 2010 - 2020. Retrieved date: July 14, 2021 from https://jateng.bps.go.id/statictable/2017/02/13/1411/-seri-2010-pdrb-atas-dasar-harga-konstan-2010-according-kabupaten- city-in-central-java-million-rupiah-2010---2020.html .
Central Java Province BPS (2021 e ). Central Java's GRDP at 2010 Constant Prices by Field of Business (Million Rupiah), 2010-2020. Retrieved date: July 14, 2021 from https://jateng.bps.go.id/statictable/2017/11/06/1683/-seri-2010-pdrb-jawa-tengah-atas-dasar-harga-konstan-2010- by-field-business-million-rupiah-2010---2020.html
Central Java Province BPS (2021 f ). Percentage of Poor Population (semester) (Percent), 2006 -2021. Retrieved date: July 14, 2021 from https://jateng.bps.go.id/indicator/23/97/1/persentase-penresident-miskin-semesteran-.html .
Central Java Province BPS (2021 g ). Average Expenditure per Capita per Month on Food and Non-Food (Rupiah), 2012-2019. Retrieved date: July 14, 2021 from https://jateng.bps.go.id/indicator/5/143/1/rata-pengeluaran-per-capita-per-bulan-food-dan-tangan.html .
Central Java BPS (2021 h ). Average Monthly Food and Non-Food Expenditure per Capita in Rural Areas by District/City in Central Java Province (rupiah), 2019 and 2020. Retrieved date: July 14, 2021 from https://jateng.bps.go.id/statictable/2021/04/07/2143/rata-pengeluaran-per-capita-sebulan-food-dan-bukan-food-di -rural-areas-by-district-city-in-province-central-java-rupiah-2019-dan-2020.html .
Central Java Governor Regulation Number 13 of 2019 concerning Strategic Plans for Central Java Province Regional Apparatuses for 2018-2023.
Hapsari, Wulan Retno (2019). Analysis of Regency/City Inclusive Economic Growth in Central Java. Sukowati Research and Development Journal, 3(1), 106-116.
Klasen, Stephen. 2010. Measuring and Monitoring Inclusive Growth: Multiple Definitions, Open Questions, and Some Constructive Proposals. ADB Sustainable Development Working Paper Series.
Kusumaningrum, Saputri and Yuhan, Risno Julaeni (2019). Provincial Economic Growth in Indonesia Based on the Composite Index of Inclusive Economic Growth and the Factors Affecting It. Journal of Economics and Public Policy, 10(1), 1-17.
McKinley, Terry. (2010). Inclusive Growth Criteria and Indicators: an Inclusive Growth Index for Country Progress. ADB Sustainable Development Working Paper Series, No. 14, June 2010.
Prasetyantoko, A., Budiantoro, S., & Bahagijo, S. (2012). Inclusive development: Indonesia's prospects and challenges. Jakarta: LP3ES : Initiative.
Purwanti, S., & Rahmawati, F. (2021). The Effect of Government Expenditure and Open Unlabour Rate (TPT) on Indonesia's Inclusive Economic Growth. Ecoplan, 4(1), 32-44.
Ramadhan, Reza Rizki and Setiadi Yaya (2019). Effect of Physical Capital and Human Resources on the Inclusive Index in Indonesia . Journal of Development Economics, 17(2), 109-124.
Sholihah, Dyah Hapsari Amalina. (2014). Inclusive Growth: Influencing Factors and Their Impact on Middle Class Growth in Indonesia. Bogor Agricultural University Thesis. Bogor. 97 pp.
Sitorus, Agnes Vera Yanti and Arsani, Ade Marsinta (2016). Comparison of Inclusive Economic Growth in 33 Provinces of Indonesia 2010-2015: Case Study Using ADB, WEF, AND UNDP Approach Methods. Journal of Development Planning. 64-77
Sugiyono. (2014). Educational Research Methods Quantitative, Qualitative, and R&D Approaches. Bandung: Alphabeta.
Suryanarayana, MH 2008. Inclusive Growth: What is so exclusive about it?. Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai.
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2021-10-06
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