Model development for estimating sales adjusment magnitude in real estate appraisal using hedonic price model and paired data analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12928/optimum.v15i2.11478Keywords:
Sales comparison approach, Hedonic price model, Paired data analysis, AppraisalAbstract
This study aims to develop a model that can identify a reference for determining the adjustment magnitude in the market approach used in appraisal practice. Currently, it is challenging for appraisers to accurately determine the extent of these adjustments. Data collection in this study employed purposive sampling, ensuring that the criteria and specifications closely mirrored the data collection process in appraisal practices. The researcher selected three districts to capture any possible variations in location affecting the adjustment magnitude. The collected data was regressed to build a hedonic price model, which was later analyzed using the paired data analysis method to meet ideal model conditions and specifications. The results of this study demonstrate that the adjustment magnitude in the market approach can be identified from price differences resulting from variations in a single attribute. The highly heterogeneous housing market conditions in Indonesia present significant challenges for conducting paired data analysis in a practical context. Artificial conditions were required to meet the specifications for paired data analysis. The implication of the study that appraisers in determining adjustments in the market approach. Additionally, the model/procedure developed in this study can be applied in research across different contexts and objects, contributing to the advancement of real estate valuation science.
References
Abelson, P., Joyeux, R., & Mahuteau, S. (2013). Modelling house prices across Sydney. The Australian Economic Review, 46(3), 269-285. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8462.2013.12013.x
Alenany, E., Lekham, L. A., & Lu, S. (2021). Integrated clustering regression for real estate valuation (No. 1).
Appraisal Institute. (2020). The appraisal of real estate (15th ed.). Appraisal Institute.
Bax, D., Zewotir, T., & North, D. (2019). A gamma generalised linear model as an alternative to log linear real estate price functions. Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/jef.v12i1.476
Benjamin, J., Guttery, R., & Sirmans, C. (2004). Mass appraisal: An introduction to multiple regression analysis for real estate valuation. Journal of Real Estate Practice and Education, 7(1), 65-77. https://doi.org/10.1080/10835547.2004.12091602
Chau, K. W., & Chin, T. L. (2003). A critical review of literature on the hedonic price model. International Journal for Housing Science and Its Applications, 27(2), 145-165.
Chiang, Y., Peng, T.-C., & Chang, C.-O. (2015). The nonlinear effect of convenience stores on residential property prices: A case study of Taipei, Taiwan. Habitat International, 46(6), 82-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.10.017
Dmytrów, K. (2019). Calibration of attributes influence in the process of real estate mass appraisal by using decision-making methods. Przegląd Statystyczny. Statistical Review, 66(4), 287-308. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0953
Hoxha, V., Hoxha, D., & Hoxha, J. (2022). Study of factors influencing apartment prices in Prishtina, Kosovo. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, 15(5), 1242-1258. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHMA-08-2021-0086
Ihlanfeldt, K., & Yang, C. F. (2025). Single-family home spaciousness and COVID-19. Annals of Regional Science, 74(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-025-01356-8
Isakson, H. (1998). The review of real estate appraisals using multiple regression analysis. Journal of Real Estate Research, 15(2), 177-190. https://doi.org/10.1080/10835547.1998.12090922
Jiang, L., Philips, P. C. B., & Yu, J. (2015). New methodology for constructing real estate price indices applied to the Singapore residential market. Journal of Banking & Finance, 61(2), 121-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2015.08.026
Kang, H.-B., & Reichert, A. K. (1991). An empirical analysis of hedonic regression and grid-adjusment techniques in real estate appraisal. Real Estate Economics, 19(1), 70-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6229.00541
Kim, J.-H., Li, W., Newman, G., Kil, S.-H., & Park, S. Y. (2016). The influence of urban landscape spatial patterns on single-family housing prices. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 45(1), 26-43. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265813516663932
Kronenwett, M., & Rigotti, T. (2022). All's well that ends well!? Moderating effects of goal progress on the relation between challenge and hindrance appraisal and well-being. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 37(5), 444-466. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-11-2019-0618
Lee, M.-H., Peng, C.-W., & Liao, H.-F. (2020). An analysis of objectivity in the real estate appraisal process. International Real Estate Review, 23(4), 483-504. https://doi.org/10.53383/100311
Lentz, G. H., & Wang, K. (1998). Residential appraisal and the lending process: A survey of issues. Journal of Real Estate Research, 15(1), 11-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/10835547.1998.12090912
Li, H., Wei, Y. D., Wu, Y., & Tian, G. (2019). Analyzing housing prices in Shanghai with open data: Amenity, accessibility and urban structure. Cities, 91, 165-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.11.016
Lipscomb, J. B., & Gray, J. B. (1995). A connection between paired data analysis and regression analysis for estimating sales adjusments. Journal of Real Estate Research, 10(2), 175-184. https://doi.org/10.1080/10835547.1995.12090781
Lisi, G. (2019). Sales comparison approach, multiple regression analysis and the implicit prices of housing. Journal of Property Research, 36(3), 272-290. https://doi.org/10.1080/09599916.2019.1651755
Lisi, G. (2022). Education Briefing Property valuation: the hedonic pricing model: the application of search-and-matching models. Journal of Property Invesment & Finance, 40(1), 99-107. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPIF-12-2020-0138
Malaman, C. S., & Amorim, A. (2017). Method for determining values in real estate appraisal: Comparing between linier regression model and fuzzy logic. Bulletin of Geodetic Sciences, 23(1).
Malpezzi, S. (2002). Hedonic pricing models: A selective and applied review. In Housing Economics and Public Policy. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470690680.ch5
MAPPI. (2018). Kode etik penilai Indonesia dan standar penilaian Indonesia (7th ed.). MAPPI.
Millington, A. (2000). Property development (1st ed.). Taylor & Francis.
Mooya, M. M. (2016). Real estate valuation theory (1st ed.). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49164-5_1
Moreira, A. C., Tavares, F. O., & Pereira, E. T. (2014). Real estate appraisal: The income approach in Portuguese municipalities. Revista Galega de Economia, 23(1), 187-202.
Nguyen, T. C., & Huy, P. T. (2025). Value and appraisal: human resource management practices and voice behaviors. Management Decision, 63(5), 1657-1673. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-05-2024-1062
Numan Jamal, A. A., & Mohamad, Y. I. (2024). Identifying the current status of real estate appraisal methods. Real Estate Management and Valuation, 32(4), 12-27. https://doi.org/10.2478/remav-2024-0032
Oloke, O., Simon, F., & Adesulu, A. F. (2013). An examination of the factors affecting residential property values in Magodo neighbourhood, Lagos State. International Journal of Economy, Management and Social Sciences, 2(8), 639-643.
Oregon. (2017). Appraisal Methods: Basic information and procedures for setting up a mass appraisal program. Oregon Department of Revenue.
Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Republik Indonesia, (2018).
Pagourtzi, E., Assimakopoulos, V., Hatzichristos, T., & French, N. (2003). Real estate appraisal: a review of valuation methods. Journal of Property Invesment & Finance, 21(4), 383-401. https://doi.org/10.1108/14635780310483656
Puspitarini, I., & Devianto, I. R. (2021). Determinants of public asset value for land property: A study in the city of Tangerang, Indonesia. Planning Malaysia Journal, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v19i17.1000
Reichert, A. K. (2002). Hedonic modeling in real estate appraisal: The case of environmental damages assessment. In Real Estate Valuation Theory (pp. 227-284). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0909-7_11
Rosen, S. (1974). Hedonic prices and implicit markets: Product differentiation in pure competition. Journal of Political Economy, 82(1), 34-55. https://doi.org/10.1086/260169
Shapiro, E., Mackmin, D., & Sams, G. (2019). Modern methods of valuation (12th ed.). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315145419
Şipoş, C., & Crivii, A. (2008). A liniear regression model for real estate appraisal. 3rd Wavo Valuation Congress "Valuation in Diversified and Emerging Economies."
Šnajberg, O. (2015). Valuation of real estate with easement. Procedia Economics and Finance, 25, 420-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00753-4
Tabar, M. E., & Sisman, Y. (2019). Creating a real estate appraisal model by fuzzy logic. 2nd International Conference on Agriculture, Technology, Engineering and Sciences (ICATES 2019).
Vaz, J. F. (2015). Real estate appraisal and subjectivity. European Scientific Journal, 11(9).
Yang, S., Wang, L., & Bi, Y. (2025). A study on the price spatial differentiation and influencing factors of rural homestay in Suzhou based on the hedonic price model. Buildings, 15(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15101610
Yazdani, M. (2021). House price determinants and market segmentation in Boulder, Colorado: A hedonic price approach. General Economics, 21(8).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Bagaskara Bagaskara, Fatima Putri Prativi

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.






