Development of AI-Based Chatbot for Information Services at SMK Negeri 1 Sumedang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12928/joves.v9i2.15371Keywords:
Chatbot, Artificial Intelligence, Rapid Application Development, Workflow Automation, School Information SystemAbstract
This study developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbot to improve communication and academic information management at SMK Negeri 1 Sumedang. Using the Rapid Application Development (RAD) methodology, the chatbot automated the delivery of schedules, announcements, and institutional information. The system integrated n8n workflow automation, a Supabase database, the WAHA API for WhatsApp communication, and natural language processing to handle user queries dynamically. Evaluation results showed strong performance, achieving 92% response accuracy with an average response time of less than one minute. Stress testing under high-concurrency conditions revealed slight performance degradation, particularly in processing informal language and handling peak user traffic. Future improvements include implementing Redis-based asynchronous queueing and server load balancing to enhance scalability. Overall, the chatbot reduced dependence on manual information dissemination, accelerated communication, and established a responsive digital ecosystem that benefits students, teachers, administrative staff, and parents.
References
Adiguzel, T., Kaya, M. H., & Cansu, F. K. (2023). Revolutionizing education with AI: Exploring the transformative potential of ChatGPT. Contemporary Educational Technology, 15(3), ep429. https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/13152
Alhassan, I., & Soui, M. (2021). Special issue on digital transformation. Journal of Decision Systems, 30(2–3), 97–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/12460125.2021.1938358
Almufarreh, A., & Arshad, M. (2023). Promising emerging technologies for teaching and learning: Recent developments and future challenges. Sustainability, 15(8), Article 6917. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086917
Ambrose, G., Imperial, M. T., & Ambrose, G. (2025). Transitioning from planning to implementation: Comparing collaborative governance and developmental dynamics in four watersheds. Policy Sciences, 58(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-025-09583-8
Anjulo Lambebo, E., & Chen, H.-L. (2025). Chatbots in higher education: A systematic review. Interactive Learning Environments, 33(4), 2781–2807. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2024.2436931
Bellino, A., De Michelis, G., & De Paoli, F. (2023). Design and evaluation of Protobject: A tool for rapid prototyping of interactive products. IEEE Access, 11, 13280–13292. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3242873
Bilquise, G., Ibrahim, S., & Shaalan, K. (2022). Emotionally intelligent chatbots: A systematic literature review. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9601630
Calvaresi, D., Eggenschwiler, S., Mualla, Y., Schumacher, M., & Calbimonte, J.-P. (2023). Exploring agent-based chatbots: A systematic literature review. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 14(8), 11207–11226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-023-04626-5
Cen, C., Luo, G., Li, L., Liang, Y., Li, K., Jiang, T., & Xiong, Q. (2023). User-centered software design: User interface redesign for Blockly–Electron, artificial intelligence educational software for primary and secondary schools. Sustainability, 15(6), Article 5232. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065232
Karyotaki, M., Drigas, A., & Skianis, C. (2022). A new decade for social changes. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 30. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v30i1.6277
Kusal, S., Patil, S., Choudrie, J., Kotecha, K., Mishra, S., & Abraham, A. (2022). AI-based conversational agents: A scoping review from technologies to future directions. IEEE Access, 10, 92337–92356. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3201144
Lin, C.-C., Huang, A. Y. Q., & Yang, S. J. H. (2023). A review of AI-driven conversational chatbots implementation methodologies and challenges (1999–2022). Sustainability, 15(5), Article 4012. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054012
Mendoza, S., Sánchez-Adame, L. M., Urquiza-Yllescas, J. F., González-Beltrán, B. A., & Decouchant, D. (2022). A model to develop chatbots for assisting the teaching and learning process. Sensors, 22(15), Article 5532. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155532
Pereira, D. S. M., Falcao, F., Costa, L., Lunn, B. S., Pego, J. M., & Costa, P. (2023). Conversational agents in higher education: A scoping review. International Journal of Educational Research, 122, Article 102233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2023.102233
Persson, J. S., Bruun, A., Larusdottir, M. K., & Nielsen, P. A. (2022). Agile software development and UX design: A case study of integration by mutual adjustment. Information and Software Technology, 152, Article 107059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2022.107059
Rakshitha, B. R., Anu, V. B., Belavigi, S. I., Arkachari, P. R., & Banashankari, K. B. (2025). AI-powered chatbots in education: Enhancing learning through intelligent technology. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research and Applications, 16(3), 1–6.
Silva, G. R. S., & Canedo, E. D. (2024). Towards user-centric guidelines for chatbot conversational design. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 40(2), 98–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2022.2118244
Soens, E., Claeys, A., & Yue, C. A. (2025). A double-edged sword? The consequences of work-related instant messaging use for employees. Management Communication Quarterly. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/00936502251401642
Suárez-Lantarón, B., Deocano-Ruíz, Y., García-Perales, N., & Castillo-Reche, I. S. (2022). The educational use of WhatsApp. Sustainability, 14(17), Article 10510. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710510
Telenyk, S., Nowakowski, G., Vovk, Y., & Anosov, I. (2022). Development and implementation of technology for creating a wide class of applications like chatbots based on formal models. NaUKMA Research Papers. Computer Science, 5, 97–107. https://doi.org/10.18523/2617-3808.2022.5.97-107
Wang, J., Ranscombe, C., & Eisenbart, B. (2023). Prototyping in smart product design: Investigating prototyping tools to support communication in the early stage smart product development. International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation, 11(3), 159–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/21650349.2023.2222115
Woolley, A. W. (2025). Generative AI and collaboration: Opportunities for cultivating collective intelligence. Journal of Organization Design. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41469-025-00199-z
Yang, L. (2024). Exploration of digital transformation path of education management in colleges and universities in the internet era. Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.2478/amns-2024-0802
Yatoo, M. A., & Habib, F. (2023). ChatGPT: A friend or a foe? MRS Bulletin, 48(4), 310–313. https://doi.org/10.1557/s43577-023-00520-9
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Journal of Vocational Education Studies (JOVES) agree to the following terms: Authors retain the copyright and grant the Universitas Ahmad Dahlan right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) the work for any purpose, even commercially with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
.png)
