Abuse of Power as The Cause of Language Impoliteness in The Text Drama Majlisu Al-Adli by Taufiq Al-Hakim

Zumrotul Imanda Wachid Hakim

doi:10.26555/insyirah.v8i2.14208

Authors

Zumrotul Imanda Wachid Hakim UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26555/insyirah.v8i2.14208

Keywords:

Impoliteness, Pragmatics, Majlisu Al-'Adli, Taufiq Al-Hakim

Abstract

This study aims to identify the forms and analyze the causes of linguistic impoliteness in Taufiq al-Hakim’s drama Majlisu al-‘Adli by applying Jonathan Culpeper’s theory of linguistic impoliteness. It addresses the lack of research on impoliteness in Arabic drama texts, particularly regarding its causes, and demonstrates how linguistic impoliteness reflects power abuse in Arabic literary works. The study employs a qualitative descriptive method, collecting data through a reading and note-taking technique on dialogues that contain impolite expressions. The findings show that The Judge’s impoliteness manifests in face attacks, intentional strategies, hearer perceptions, and communicative tactics such as sarcasm and legal manipulation. The primary cause of this impoliteness lies in the abuse of power, as The Judge exploits his authority to defend certain parties and dismiss justice. This study also suggests that further research is needed on the relationship between linguistic impoliteness and humor in dramatic texts as a form of social critique.

References

Abdullah, M. T. (2017). Anashir al-haimanan fi masraniyah “majlist al-adl” li taufiq al-hakim ma tashwiriha min al-nahiyah al- istima’iyah wasiasiyah (Dirasah Istimaiyah) [Skripsi, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta: Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora, 2017]. https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/37748

Al Hakim, T. (1972). Majlisu Al-’Adli. Maktabah Mushair.

Al-Badawi, M., Al-Tarawneh, A., & Hatab, W. A. (2024). The Dynamics of Power in Dramatic Discourse: A Stylistic Analysis of the Arabic Drama Bab Al-Hara. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 14(4), 1163–1171. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1404.24

Ambarita, R. (2024). Trigger of Impoliteness Language in Political Comments on Social Media. PHILOLOGY Journal of English Language and Literature, 4(2), 102–110. https://doi.org/10.32696/pjell.v4i2.3343

Budiarta, I. W., Rajistha, I. G. N. A., Jayantini, I. G. A. S. R., & Kasni, N. W. (2024). General Politeness and Impoliteness in Mobile Gaming Communication. International Journal of Society Culture and Language, Online First. https://doi.org/10.22034/ijscl.2024.2040802.3691

Cahyani, I., & Munalisa, S. (2020). Pelanggaran Prinsip Kesantunan Berbahasa dalam Sinetron “Siapa Takut Jatuh Cinta.” STILISTIKA: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 5(1), 89–102.

Culpeper, J. (2005). Impoliteness and Entertainment in the Television Quiz Show: The Weakest Link. Journal of Politeness Research. Language, Behaviour, Culture, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/jplr.2005.1.1.35

Culpeper, J. (2007). Reflections on impoliteness, relational work and power. In Impoliteness in Language. Mouton de Gruyter.

Culpeper, J. (2010). Conventionalised impoliteness formulae. Journal of Pragmatics, 42(12), 3232–3245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2010.05.007

Culpeper, J. (2011). Impoliteness: Using Language to Cause Offence. Cambridge University press.

Culpeper, J. (2016). Impoliteness Strategies. In A. Capone & J. L. Mey (Eds.), Interdisciplinary Studies in Pragmatics, Culture and Society (Vol. 4, pp. 421–445). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12616-6_16

Hamzah, N. B., Rahim, R., & Iskandar, I. (2022). Kerasan Verbal pada Media Sosial Facebook ditinjau dari Perspektif Penyimpangan Kesantunan Berbahasa. Jurnal Konsepsi, 11(1), 119–131.

Hassan, A. Y., Firas Abdullah Al-Rawe, M., Shamel Abdullah, S., & Hlaimi, S. (2023). Analysis of Impoliteness Strategies Used in Putin’s Speech at Annexation Ceremony. Journal of Pragmatics Research, 5(2), 153–167. https://doi.org/10.18326/jopr.v5i2.153-167

Junaidi, J., Januarini, E., & Pasaribu, G. R. (2024). Impoliteness in Information Account on Instagram. JALC : JOURNAL OF APPLIED LINGUISTIC AND STUDIES OF CULTURAL, 2(1), 41–50.

Keshavarz, M. H. (2022). Impoliteness in Power-imbalance and Power-neutral Relational Contexts: Evidence from a Persian TV Drama. Journal of Pragmatics Research, 4(1), 41–59. https://doi.org/10.18326/jopr.v4i1.41-59

Latifi, Y., & Muslih, M. (2023). Religious Criticism of Scientism: The Subjectivity of Taufīq al-Ḥakīm in the Short Story “Fī Sanah Milyūn.” darulfunun ilahiyat, 34(1), 257–282. https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2023.34.1.1249910

Long, C. W. R. (1969). Taufiq al‐Hakim and the Arabic theatre. Middle Eastern Studies, 5(1), 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/00263206908700119

Mayaningtyas, L. Y., Budyartati, S., & Hs, A. K. (2020). Analisis faktor penyebab ketidaksantunan berbahasa jawa siswa di sekolah dasar (studi kasus di SDN 02 pangongangan). Prosiding Konferensi Ilmiah Dasar, 2, 32–43.

Muid, A., Sanusi, A., & Kadir, S. M. D. A. (2025). Arabic Speech Act: Investigating Students’ Pragmalinguistic Competence in Requesting and Apologizing Expressions. An Nabighoh, 26(2), 315–336. https://doi.org/10.32332/an-nabighoh.v26i2.315-336

Muji. (2013). Ketidaksantunan Penggunaan Bahasa Indonesia dalam Peristiwa Komunikasi. Seminar Nasional Bahasa Dan Sastra (SENABASTRA) V. https://repository.unej.ac.id/xmlui/handle/123456789/56780

Musliandi, A., & Harjono, H. S. (2024). Representasi Masalah Sosial dalam Teks Drama Wanita yang Diselamatkan Karya Arthur S. Nalan. Jurnal Onoma: Pendidikan, Bahasa, Dan Sastra, 10(4), 3785–3796. https://doi.org/10.30605/onoma.v10i4.4349

Prakoso, I. (2020). Analisis Ketidaksantunan Tokoh Bagong dalam Pagelaran Wayang Kulit Ki Seno Nugroho. Prosiding University Research Colloquium, 0, 358–381.

Rahardi, K. (2019). Pragmatik: Konteks intralinguistik dan konteks ekstralinguistik. Yogyakarta: Amara Books.

Refanzah, W., & Yoyo, Y. (2024). Analysis of Language Politeness in The Drama of Al-Khātam by ’Ali Aḥmad Bākaṡīr (A Pragmatic Study). Insyirah: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa Arab Dan Studi Islam, 6(2), 216–229. https://doi.org/10.26555/insyirah.v6i2.9338

Simanjuntak, H. M., & Simatupang, E. C. (2024). Impoliteness Strategies In The Third Indonesia Presidential Debate 2024: Pragmatics Research. Jurnal Onoma: Pendidikan, Bahasa, Dan Sastra, 10(3), 3064–3073. https://doi.org/10.30605/onoma.v10i3.4080

Voinov, V. (2012). Review of: Impoliteness: Using language to cause offence, by Jonathan Culpeper. SIL Global Publishing Services. https://www.sil.org/resources/publications/entry/48835

Wibowo, N. A. S. (2016). Masrahiyyatun Majlis Al ’Adl Li Taufiq Al Hakim (Dirasah Af’al Al Kalam) [Skripsi, UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA]. https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/19571/

Yusuf, K. (2023). Buku Ajar Metode Penelitian Bahasa Teori dan praktik. Yogyakarta : Quantum Media Aksara.

Zidjaly, N. A. (2019). Divine impoliteness: How Arabs negotiate Islamic moral order on Twitter. Russian Journal of Linguistics, 23(4), 1039–1064. https://doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2019-23-4-1039-1064