The Relationship Between Soil-transmitted Helminth Infections and Clean and Healthy Living Behavior
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12928/dpphj.v15i2.3159Keywords:
Soil-transmitted Helminths (STH), Clean and Healthy Living Behavior, School age childrenAbstract
Background: Soil-transmitted Helminth (STH) are nematodes that can infect humans through direct contact with soil due to poor hygiene behavior. School-age children are the most susceptible to the infection. The clinical symptoms of STH infection are usually asymptomatic. However, it can affect the quality of life of the infected. This study aims to analyze the relationship between STH infection with clean and healthy living behavior; Method: This study takes the form of analytic observational research with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used was the total sampling method with subjects of 132 students of Sekolah Dasar (SD) 1 Talakbroto, SD 1 Kedunglengkong, and SD Wates, Simo, Boyolali. The data were obtained from the results of the students' clean and healthy living behavior questionnaire and the examination of stool samples using the Kato Katz technique. Data were presented in a categorical form and analyzed using the chi-square method.; Results: There were 15 students (11%) infected by STH from 132 subjects studied. Based on the chi-square test, the p-value of STH infection and clean and healthy living behavior was 0.043 (p<0,05); Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between STH infection with clean and healthy living behavior.Â
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31. Errea RA, Vasquez-Rios G, Calderon ML, Siu D, Duque KR, Juarez LH, et al. Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Children From A Rural Community Taking Part in A Periodic Deworming Program in the Peruvian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2019;101(3):636–40. doi: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-1011
32. Nugraha TI, Semiarty R, Irawati N. Hubungan Sanitasi Lingkungan dan Personal Hygiene Dengan Infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) pada Anak Usia Sekolah Di Kecamatan Koto Tangah Kota Padang. J Kesehat Andalas. 2019;8(3):590. doi: https://doi.org/10.25077/jka.v8i3.1046.
33. Yufiarti Y, Edwita, Suharti. Health Promotion Program (JUMSIH); To Enhance Children’s Clean and Healthy Living Knowledge. JPUD - J Pendidik Usia Dini. 2019;13(2):341–55. doi: https://doi.org/10.21009/JPUD.132.10
34. Wulandari A, Saleh I, Silviana. Factors Related To Worm Infection (Soil Transmitted Helminth) And Learning Achievement Among Elementary Students At Work Area Of Puskesmas Punggur. openjurnal.unmuhpnk. 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v7i6.9952
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2. Pasaribu AP, Alam A, Sembiring K, Pasaribu S, Setiabudi D. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Among School Children Living in An Agricultural Area of North Sumatera, Indonesia. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1–8. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7397-6
3. Yuwono N, Husada D, Basuki S. Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Among Elementary Children in Sorong District, West Papua. Indones J Trop Infect Dis. 2019;7(4):86. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v7i4.7362
4. Rahmawati A. Hubungan Higiene Sanitasi dengan Infeksi Kecacingan pada Anak SD. Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang. 2019;01(01):6–10. doi: https://doi.org/10.31983/jlm.v1i1.4924
5. Vaz Nery S, Pickering AJ, Abate E, Asmare A, Barrett L, Benjamin-Chung J, et al. The Role of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Interventions in Reducing Soil-Transmitted Helminths: Interpreting The Evidence and Identifying Next Steps. Parasites and Vectors. 2019;12(1):1–8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3532-6
6. Vaz Nery S, Clarke NE, Richardson A, Traub R, Mccarthy JS, Gray DJ, Et Al. Risk Factors For Infection with Soil-Transmitted Helminths During An Integrated Community Level Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene and Deworming Intervention in Timor-Leste. Int J Parasitol. 2019;49(5):389–96. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.12.006
7. Al-Muzaky AH, Hermansyah B, Suswati E, Armiyanti Y, Nurdian Y. Hubungan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat Dengan Kejadian Infestasi Soil–Transmitted Helminths Pada Pekerja Perkebunan Kopi Sumber Wadung Kabupaten Jember. J Kedokt dan Kesehat Publ Ilm Fak Kedokt Univ Sriwij. 2019;6(1):7–15. doi: https://doi.org/10.32539/JKK.v6i1.7233
8. Majorin F, Torondel B, Chan GKS, Clasen T. Interventions to Improve Disposal of Child Faeces For Preventing Diarrhoea and Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;2019(9). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011055.pub2
9. Paige SB, Friant S, Clech L, Malavé C, Kemigabo C, Obeti R, et al. Combining Footwear with Public Health Iconography to Prevent Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017;96(1):205–13. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0910.
10. Afroz S, Debsarma S, Dutta S, Rhaman MM, Mohsena M. Prevalence of Helminthic Infestations Among Bangladeshi Rural Children and Its Trend Since Mid-Seventies. IMC J Med Sci. 2019;13(1):004. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcjms.v13i1.42038
11. Moncayo AL, Lovato R, Cooper PJ. Soil-transmitted Helminth Infections and Nutritional Status in Ecuador: Findings From A National Survey and Implications For Control Strategies. BMJ Open. 2018;8(4):1–9. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021319.
12. Guan M, Han B. Association Between Intestinal Worm Infection and Malnutrition Among Rural Children Aged 9-11 Years Old in Guizhou Province, China. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1–11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7538-y
13. de Gier B, Pita-RodrÃguez GM, Campos-Ponce M, van de Bor M, Chamnan C, Junco-DÃaz R, et al. Soil-transmitted Helminth Infections and Intestinal and Systemic Inflammation in Schoolchildren. Acta Trop. 2018;182:124–7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.02.028.
14. Aji DP, Garini A, Hermansyah H. Hubungan Infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminth Dengan Anemia Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Gandus Kota Palembang Tahun 2016. Kesehat Palembang. 2017;12(1):59–62. doi: https://jurnal.poltekkespalembang.ac.id/index.php/JPP/article/view/16
15. Molla E, Mamo H. Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections, Anemia and Undernutrition Among Schoolchildren in Yirgacheffee, South Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2018;11(1):1–7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3679-9.
16. Campbell SJ, Nery S V., D’Este CA, Gray DJ, McCarthy JS, Traub RJ, et al. Investigations Into The Association Between Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections, Haemoglobin and Child Development Indices in Manufahi District, Timor-Leste. Parasites and Vectors. 2017;10(1):1–15. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2084-x
17. Chaudhary S, Raj Subedi J. Comparative Prevalence of Intestinal Helminths in Satar and Chaudhary Communities of Birtamode Municipality, Jhapa, Nepal. Natl J Heal Sci. 2020;5(1):4–12. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21089/njhs.51.0004
18. Owada K, Nielsen M, Lau CL, Clements ACA, Yakob L, Soares Magalhães RJ. Measuring the Effect of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections on Cognitive Function in Children: Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal of Evidence. Adv Parasitol. 2017;98:1–37. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apar.2017.05.002.
19. Pabalan N, Singian E, Tabangay L, Jarjanazi H, Boivin MJ, Ezeamama AE. Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection, Loss of Education and Cognitive Impairment in School-Aged Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vol. 12, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2018. 1–31 p. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005523.
20. Oktaria S, Effendi EH, Indriatmi W, van Hees CLM, Thio HB, Sjamsoe-Daili ES. Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections and Leprosy: A Cross-Sectional Study of The Association Between Two Major Neglected Tropical Diseases in Indonesia. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16(1):1–6. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1593-0.
21. Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. DAFTAR SATUAN PENDIDIKAN (SEKOLAH) PER Kec. Ampel. kemdikbud.go.id. 2020. https://referensi.data.kemdikbud.go.id/index11_sd.php?kode=030902&level=3. Accessed on Nov 27 2020.
22. Pemerintah Desa Simo. Desa Simo (Kecamatan Simo Kabupaten Boyolali). https://simo.desa.id/index.php. Accessed on Nov 27 2020.
23. Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Boyolali. Kabupaten Boyolali Tahun 2018. 2018;
24. Ojja S, Kisaka S, Ediau M, Tuhebwe D, Kisakye AN, Halage AA, et al. Prevalence, Intensity and Factors Associated with Soil-Transmitted Helminths Infections Among Preschool-Age Children in Hoima District, Rural Western Uganda. BMC Infect Dis. 2018;18(1):1–12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3289-0
25. McMichael C. Water, Sanitation And Hygiene (WASH) in Schools in Low-Income Countries: A Review of evidence of impact. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(3):1–21. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030359
26. Sinaga ER, Resi EM, Wanti W. Personal Hygiene and Worm Eggs at Pupils Nail in Kupang City, Indonesia. Int J Public Heal Sci. 2016;5(3):320. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v5i3.4802
27. Puspita WL, Khayan K, Hariyadi D, Anwar T, Wardoyo S, Ihsan BM. Health Education to Reduce Helminthiasis: Deficits in Diets in Children and Achievement of Students of Elementary Schools at Pontianak, West Kalimantan. J Parasitol Res. 2020;2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4846102
28. Nasr NA, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Ahmed A, Roslan MA, Bulgiba A. Towards An Effective Control Programme of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections Among Orang Asli in Rural Malaysia. Part 1: Prevalence and Associated Key Factors. Parasites and Vectors. 2019;6(1):1–12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-27
29. Makata K, Kinung’hi S, Hansen C, Ayieko P, Sichalwe S, McHaro O, et al. Hand Hygiene Intervention to Optimize Helminth Infection Control: Design and Baseline Results of Mikono Safi–An Ongoing School-Based Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial in NW Tanzania. PLoS One [Internet]. 2020;15(12 December):1–20. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242240. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242240
30. Suryantari S, Satyarsa A, Hartawan I, Yana K SI. Prevalence, Intensity and Risk Factors of Soil Transmitted Helminths Infections among Elementary School Students in Ngis Village, Karangasem District, Bali. Indones J Trop Infect Dis. 2019;7(6):137–43. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v7i6.9952
31. Errea RA, Vasquez-Rios G, Calderon ML, Siu D, Duque KR, Juarez LH, et al. Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Children From A Rural Community Taking Part in A Periodic Deworming Program in the Peruvian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2019;101(3):636–40. doi: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-1011
32. Nugraha TI, Semiarty R, Irawati N. Hubungan Sanitasi Lingkungan dan Personal Hygiene Dengan Infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) pada Anak Usia Sekolah Di Kecamatan Koto Tangah Kota Padang. J Kesehat Andalas. 2019;8(3):590. doi: https://doi.org/10.25077/jka.v8i3.1046.
33. Yufiarti Y, Edwita, Suharti. Health Promotion Program (JUMSIH); To Enhance Children’s Clean and Healthy Living Knowledge. JPUD - J Pendidik Usia Dini. 2019;13(2):341–55. doi: https://doi.org/10.21009/JPUD.132.10
34. Wulandari A, Saleh I, Silviana. Factors Related To Worm Infection (Soil Transmitted Helminth) And Learning Achievement Among Elementary Students At Work Area Of Puskesmas Punggur. openjurnal.unmuhpnk. 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v7i6.9952
35. Tabi ESB, Eyong EM, Akum EA, Löve J, Cumber SN. Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection in the Tiko Health District, South West Region of Cameroon: A Post-Intervention Survey on Prevalence and Intensity of Infection Among Primary School Children. Pan Afr Med J. 2018;30:1–9. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.11604%2Fpamj.2018.30.74.15676
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