The Correlation of Repetitive Movements, Wrist Postures, and Work Duration with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Complaints among Hand-Drawn Batik Workers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12928/dpphj.v20i2.17497Keywords:
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, repetitive movement, wrist posture, work duration, hand-drawn batik workersAbstract
Background : Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a median nerve entrapment disorder that may be influenced by occupational biomechanical exposure. Hand-drawn batik workers perform precise, repetitive hand movements and may sustain non-neutral wrist postures for prolonged periods. Method: This analytical quantitative study used a cross-sectional design involving 96 female hand-drawn batik workers in Giriloyo, Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Data were collected using the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ), direct observation of repetitive movement and wrist posture, and respondent characteristics. Associations were tested using the Chi-square test. Results: Repetitive movement was significantly associated with CTS complaints (p<0.001; OR 6.00, 95% CI 2.27–15.86). Wrist posture was also significantly associated with CTS complaints (p=0.001), with severe complaints most frequent among workers with non-neutral posture (76.7%). Work duration was significantly associated with CTS complaints (p=0.001; OR 4.48, 95% CI 1.85–10.81), with severe complaints most frequent among workers with long daily work duration (71.7%). Conclusion: Repetitive movement, wrist posture, and work duration were significantly associated with CTS complaints in this group. Ergonomic redesign, neutral wrist positioning, and structured rest periods, while recognizing that the cross-sectional design does not establish causalityReferences
Gebrye T, Jeans E, Yeowell G, Mbada C, Fatoye F. Global and Regional Prevalence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis Based on a Systematic Review. Musculoskelet Care. 2024;22(4):e70024. doi:10.1002/msc.70024
Hassan A, Beumer A, Kuijer PPFM, van der Molen HF. Work-relatedness of carpal tunnel syndrome: Systematic review including meta-analysis and GRADE. Health Sci Rep. 2022;5(6):e888. doi:10.1002/hsr2.888
Gerger H, Macri EM, Jackson JA, Elbers RG, van Rijn R, Søgaard K, et al. Physical and psychosocial work-related exposures and the incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome: A systematic review of prospective studies. Appl Ergon. 2024;117:104211. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104211
Rotaru-Zavaleanu AD, Lungulescu CV, Bunescu MG, Vasile RC, Gheorman V, Gresita A, et al. Occupational Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: a scoping review of causes, mechanisms, diagnosis, and intervention strategies. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1407302. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1407302
Harris-Adamson C, Eisen EA, Kapellusch J, Hegmann KT, Thiese MS, Dale AM, et al. Occupational risk factors for work disability following carpal tunnel syndrome: a pooled prospective study. Occup Environ Med. 2022;79(7):442–451. doi:10.1136/oemed-2021-107771
Kapellusch JM, Bao SS, Malloy EJ, Thiese MS, Merryweather AS, Hegmann KT. Validation of the Revised Strain Index for Predicting Risk of Incident Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in a Prospective Cohort. Ergonomics. 2021;64(11):1369–1378. doi:10.1080/00140139.2021.1940306
Tabatabaeifar S, Dalbøge A. Carpal tunnel syndrome and occupational hand exposures: a Danish nationwide cohort study. Occup Environ Med. 2024;81(8):417–424. doi:10.1136/oemed-2024-109568
Stjernbrandt A, Liv P, Jackson JA, Pettersson H, Lewis C, Punnett L, et al. Occupational biomechanical risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome surgery: a prospective cohort study on 203 866 Swedish male construction workers followed for 19 years. Occup Environ Med. 2025;82(6):263–269. doi:10.1136/oemed-2024-110008
Kraut A, Rydz E, Walld R, Demers PA, Peters CE. Carpal tunnel syndrome among Manitoba workers: Results from the Manitoba Occupational Disease Surveillance System. Am J Ind Med. 2024;67(3):243–260. doi:10.1002/ajim.23566
Aagaard TH, Biering K, Vestergaard JM, Willert MV, Kyndi M. Work Participation in Patients With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Referred to Departments of Occupational Medicine—A Danish Register-Based Cohort Study. Am J Ind Med. 2025;68(4):321–330. doi:10.1002/ajim.23716
Çupi B, Šarac I, et al. Occupational and non-occupational risk factors correlating with the severity of clinical manifestations of carpal tunnel syndrome and related work disability among workers who work with a computer. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2023;74(4):252–272. doi:10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3754
Amin F, Oginawati K. Occupational Risk Factors of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome on Workers: A Literature Review. J World Sci. 2023;2(10):1581–1590. doi:10.58344/jws.v2i10.442
Trillos-Chacón MC, Castillo-M JA, Tolosa-Guzman I, Sánchez Medina AF, Ballesteros SM. Strategies for the prevention of carpal tunnel syndrome in the workplace: A systematic review. Appl Ergon. 2021;93:103353. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103353
Dabbagh A, MacDermid JC, Yong J, Packham TL, Macedo LG, Ghodrati M. Diagnostic accuracy of sensory and motor tests for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021;22:337. doi:10.1186/s12891-021-04202-y
Núñez de Arenas-Arroyo S, Cavero-Redondo I, Torres-Costoso A, Reina-Gutiérrez S, Guzmán-Pavón MJ, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Accuracy of the Most Common Provocation Tests for Diagnosing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2022;52(8):522–531. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.10828
Dabbagh A, MacDermid JC, Yong J, et al. Diagnostic Test Accuracy of Provocative Maneuvers for the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Phys Ther. 2023;103(6):pzad029. doi:10.1093/ptj/pzad029
Sousa RL, de Moraes VY, Zobiole AF, Nakachima LR, Belloti JC. Diagnostic criteria and outcome measures in randomized clinical trials on carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review. Sao Paulo Med J. 2023;141(6):e2022086. doi:10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0086.07022023
Erickson M, Lawrence M, Lucado A. The role of diagnostic ultrasound in the examination of carpal tunnel syndrome: an update and systematic review. J Hand Ther. 2022;35(2):215–225. doi:10.1016/j.jht.2021.04.014
Zaki HA, Shaban E, Salem W, Bilal F, Fayed M, Hendy M, et al. A Comparative Analysis Between Ultrasound and Electromyographic and Nerve Conduction Studies in Diagnosing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus. 2022;14(10):e30476. doi:10.7759/cureus.30476
Lin MT, Liu IC, Chang HP, Wu CH. Impaired median nerve mobility in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 2023;33(4):2378–2385. doi:10.1007/s00330-022-09262-9
Hernández-Secorún M, Montaña-Cortés R, Hidalgo-García C, Rodríguez-Sanz J, Corral-de-Toro J, Monti-Ballano S, et al. Effectiveness of Conservative Treatment According to Severity and Systemic Disease in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(5):2365. doi:10.3390/ijerph18052365
Wielemborek PT, Kapica-Topczewska K, Pogorzelski R, Bartoszuk A. Carpal tunnel syndrome conservative treatment: a literature review. Prz Menopauzalny. 2022;31(2):85–94. doi:10.5114/ppn.2022.116880
Baker NA, Dole J, Roll SC. Meta-synthesis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Treatment Options: Developing Consolidated Clinical Treatment Recommendations to Improve Practice. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2021;102(11):2261–2268.e2. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2021.03.034
Jiménez-del-Barrio S, Cadellans-Arróniz A, et al. The effectiveness of manual therapy on pain, physical function, and nerve conduction studies in carpal tunnel syndrome patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Orthop. 2022;46(2):301–312. doi:10.1007/s00264-021-05272-2
Núñez de Arenas-Arroyo S, Cavero-Redondo I, Torres-Costoso A, Reina-Gutiérrez S, Álvarez-Bueno C, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Short-term Effects of Neurodynamic Techniques for Treating Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2021;51(12):566–580. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.10533
Dong Q, Li X, Yuan P, Chen G, Li J, Deng J, et al. Acupuncture for carpal tunnel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Neurosci. 2023;17:1097455. doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1097455
Schäfer L, Maffulli N, et al. Local Corticosteroid Injections versus Surgical Carpal Tunnel Release for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Life (Basel). 2022;12(4):533. doi:10.3390/life12040533
Adindu E, Ramtin S, Azarpey A, Ring D, Teunis T. Steroid versus placebo injections and wrist splints in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2024;49(10):1209–1217. doi:10.1177/17531934241240380
Yang FA, Wang HY, Kuo TY, Peng CW, Liou TH, Escorpizo R, et al. Injection therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One. 2024;19(5):e0303537. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0303537
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors transfer the copyright and grant the Disease Prevention and Public Health Journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) the work for any purpose, even commercially with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in Disease Prevention and Public Health Journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in Disease Prevention and Public Health Journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
