Pro dan Kontra untuk Kematian yang Dibantu Dokter (KDD): Konsep Martabat dalam Perawatan Akhir Kehidupan
Pros and Cons for Physician-Assisted Death (PAD): The Concept of Dignity in End-Of-Life Care
Abstract
Banyak pasien berpendapat bahwa kematian yang dibantu dokter (KDD) merupakan salah satu cara untuk mewujudkan kematian yang bermartabat. Pada pasien yang menderita penyakit kronis dan menahun, KDD dapat dianggap sebagai upaya mewujudkan kematian yang bermartabat. Khususnya pada pasien yang mengidap terminal illness, mereka seringkali berpendapat bahwa kematian yang bermartabat melalui KDD jauh lebih baik dibanding penderitaan dan rasa sakit yang berkelanjutan, yang pada akhirnya mengantarkan pada keluaran yang sama: kematian. Terdapat berbagai alasan yang dikemukakan oleh pasien yang memohon KDD, meliputi rasa sakit yang menahun, membebani keluarga/teman, kehilangan otonomi, kehilangan kualitas hidup yang layak, kurangnya harga diri dan kepercayaan diri, kehilangan kendali atas fungsi tubuh, hingga merasa bahwa hidupnya sudah cukup memuaskan. Meski demikian, perdebatan terkait KDD merupakan perdebatan yang telah berlangsung panjang. Pihak pendukung KDD berargumen bahwa KDD dapat menghapuskan rasa sakit dan penderitaan, penghormatan terhadap otonomi pasien, hingga mengurangi tanggungan dan beban finansial/medis. Di sisi lain, pihak yang kontra dengan KDD berpendapat bahwa KDD merupakan tindakan keputusasaan/bunuh diri. Selain itu, pasien yang mengharapkan KDD seringkali dianggap pasien yang depresi dan berputus asa sehingga alih-alih memerlukan KDD, mereka seharusnya diberikan dukungan psikologi yang memadai. Tindakan KDD dan legalisasi KDD juga dianggap kontroversial dan berpotensi untuk menimbulkan masalah di kemudian hari. Pada artikel ini, penulis merangkum dan menyampaikan pro dan kontra dari tindakan KDD dari sudut pandang penulis. Alih-alih memihak salah satu pendapat, artikel ini berada pada posisi netral dan hanya merangkum argumen-argumen yang sudah ada terkait pro dan kontra terhadap KDD.
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