A Study of Post COVID-19 Disaster in Indonesia: A Lesson Learned is a Lesson Earned

Authors

  • Urfa Khairatun Hisan Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4952-3542
  • Muhammad Miftahul Amri Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-8484
  • Tarisa Afira Pramesti Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
  • Indah Rahmawati Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Keywords:

COVID-19, Pandemic, Lesson Learned, Lesson Earned, Indonesia

Abstract

The rapid and sudden arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed everyone. In this article, the author summarizes various issues and problems in Indonesia that arose during the COVID-19 pandemic. These issues included the desecuritization of the COVID-19 issue; the masks scarcity and high price of masks; public confusion over the policy of testing, tracing, treatment (3T), social restriction policies, and terms related to COVID-19 that often change; social problems and poverty; rumors and fake news that accompany vaccination program; shortage of medical equipment and health resources; and the problems experienced by medical personnel such as fatigue, mental health issues, and even death. It is known that COVID-19 is a new virus. Therefore, at the pandemic's beginning, no one knew its characteristics and how to deal with it. This confuses policy makers around the world in formulating a formula to deal with COVID-19. Subsequently, the policies often change according to the development of the virus and science itself. Thanks to the stakeholders' role, the pandemic situation in Indonesia has gradually recovered. However, there are some notes that we can learn from Indonesia's pandemic to avoid the same problem if similar conditions occur in the future. As the title of this paper, "a lesson learned is a lesson earned". Finally, the authors summarize four formulas to minimize similar problems in the future, including: 1) strengthening medical resources and infrastructures; 2) disease prevention through health promotion and education; 3) strengthening the national emergency institutions; and 4) improving crime and corruption surveillance system.

Author Biographies

Urfa Khairatun Hisan, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Urfa Khairatun Hisan is a lecturer at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, and a graduate student of the Department of Bioethics, Universitas Gadjah Mada. She received her B.Med. and M.D. degrees from the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, in 2017 and 2019, respectively. Her research interests include public health and bioethics in medicine. She can be contacted at email: urfa.khairatun.h@mail.ugm.ac.id / urfa.hisan@med.uad.ac.id.

Muhammad Miftahul Amri, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Muhammad Miftahul Amri received the B.S. degree from the Department of Computer Science and Electronics, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, in 2018, and the M.S. degree from the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea, in 2021, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree. In 2021, he joined the faculty at Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Indonesia, where he is currently a lecturer in the Department of Electrical Engineering. His research interests include wireless communications and artificial intelligence. He can be contacted at email: miftahulamri@ieee.org.

Tarisa Afira Pramesti, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Tarisa Afira Pramesti is an undergraduate student at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Her research interests include community medicine and clinical medicine. She can be contacted at email: tarisa2100034030@webmail.uad.ac.id.

Indah Rahmawati, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Indah Rahmawati is an undergraduate student at the Faculty of Medicine, Ahmad Dahlan University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Her research interests include community medicine and clinical medicine. She can be contacted at email: indah2100034025@webmail.uad.ac.id.

References

World Health Organization (WHO). Listings of WHO's response to COVID-19. (2020). Available at: https://www.who.int/news/item/29-06-2020-covidtimeline/

Worldometers. Covid-19 Coronavirus Pandemic. (2022). Available at: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/

New York Times (11 February 2020), “Indonesia Has No Reported Coronavirus Cases. Is That the Whole Picture?”. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/11/world/asia/coronavirus-indonesia-bali.html

Binus. (23 March 2020), “Respons Pemerintah Indonesia terhadap Pandemi COVID-19: Desekuritisasi di Awal, Sekuritisasi yang Terhambat”. Available at: https://ir.binus.ac.id/2020/03/23/respons-pemerintah-indonesia-terhadap-pandemi-covid-19-desekuritisasi-di-awal-sekuritisasi-yang-terhambat/

Warta Ekonomi (27 January 2020), “Virus Corona Makin Ganas, Menkes Bilang: Enjoy Aja!”. Available at: https://www.wartaekonomi.co.id/read268664/virus-corona-makin-ganas-menkes-bilang-enjoy-aja

CNN Indonesia (7 February 2020), “Mahfud: RI Satu-satunya Negara Besar di Asia Tak Kena Corona”. Available at: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20200207194915-20-472750/mahfud-ri-satu-satunya-negara-besar-di-asia-tak-kena-corona

Pablo M. De Salazar et al. (2020), “Using predicted imports of 2019-nCoV cases to determine locations that may not be identifying all imported cases”, medRxiv. Available at: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.04.20020495v1.full.pdf

CNN Indonesia (11 February 2020), “Menkes Tantang Harvard Buktikan Virus Corona di Indonesia”. Available at: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20200211195637-20-473740/menkes-tantang-harvard-buktikan-virus-corona-di-indonesia

Mahfud MD (@mohmahfudmd) (15 February 2020), “ALHAMDULILLAH’ 243 WNI yg pulang dr Wuhan dan diobservasi 14 hr di Natuna dinyatakan brsh dr Corona. Dlm kelakarnya, Menko Perekonomian Airlangga bilang “Krn perizinan di Indonesia ber-belit2 maka virus corona tak bs masuk. Tp omnibus law ttg perizinan lapangan kerja jalan trs”[emoji Rolling on the floor laughing]” [cuitan Twitter]. Available at: https://twitter.com/mohmahfudmd/status/1228545879885221890

Republika (17 February 2020), “Kelakar Menhub: Kita Kebal Corona karena Doyan Nasi Kucing”. Available at: https://republika.co.id/berita/q5ul4k409/kelakar-menhub-kita-kebal-corona-karena-doyan-nasi-kucing

The Jakarta Post (25 February 2020), “‘It is not COVID-19’: Indonesian health official mixes up disease and virus”. Available at: https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/02/25/it-is-not-covid-19-health-official-mixes-up-disease-and-virus.html

Tempo (27 February 2020), “Ma’ruf Amin: Indonesia Terhindar Corona, Berkah Ulama Baca Doa”. Available at: https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1312782/maruf-amin-indonesia-terhindar-corona-berkah-ulama-baca-doa

Tribunnews (29 February 2020), “Indonesia Bersih dari Virus Corona, Ali Ngabalin: Covid-19 Tidak Berkembang Kuat di Negara Tropis”. Available at: https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2020/02/29/indonesia-bersih-dari-virus-corona-ali-ngabalin-covid-19-tidak-berkembang-kuat-di-negara-tropis

Kabar Bisnis (7 February 2020), “Diminta beri diskon tiket pesawat, Garuda Indonesia masih menghitung”. Available at: https://www.kabarbisnis.com/read/2897448/diminta-beri-diskon-tiket-pesawat-garuda-indonesia-masih-menghitung

The Jakarta Post (13 February 2020), “Govt mulls incentives as tourism faces potential $2.8b loss from outbreak”. Available at: https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/02/13/govt-mulls-incentivesas-tourism-faces-potential-2-8b-loss-from-outbreak.html

Widodo, Joko (@jokowi) (17 February 2020), “Saat daya saing pariwisata Indonesia meningkat dari tahun ke tahun, wabah virus korona terjadi di Tiongkok. Salah satu yang sedang kita pertimbangkan untuk mengantisipasi dampak wabah ini ke pariwisata kita adalah pemberian insentif untuk wisatawan, termasuk travel bironya” [cuitan Twitter]. Available at: https://twitter.com/jokowi/status/1229357732630650881?lang=en

Antara News (22 February 2020), “Indonesia to tap domestic market, investment to tackle COVID-19 impact”. Available at: https://en.antaranews.com/news/141966/indonesia-to-tap-domestic-market-investment-to-tackle-covid-19-impact

Tirto (21 February 2020), “Corona Mereda, Luhut Mau TKA Cina Segera Masuk Lagi ke Indonesia”. Available at: https://tirto.id/corona-mereda-luhut-mau-tka-cina-segera-masuk-lagi-ke-indonesia-eAoR

AIN Online (20 February 2020), “Indonesia Readies Airline Subsidies Amid Virus Outbreak”. Available at: https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/air-transport/2020-02-20/indonesia-readies-airline-subsidies-amid-virus-outbreak

Liputan6 (26 February 2020), “Pemerintah Kucurkan Rp 72 Miliar untuk Influencer Genjot Pariwisata Indonesia”. Available at: https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/4187754/pemerintah-kucurkan-rp-72-miliar-untuk-influencer-genjot-pariwisata-indonesia

CNN Indonesia (26 February 2020), “Jurus Jokowi Lawan Virus Corona dengan Diskon Tiket Pesawat”. Available at: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20200226091352-532-478192/jurus-jokowi-lawan-virus-corona-dengan-diskon-tiket-pesawat

Reuters (25 February 2020), “Indonesia unveils nearly $750 mln stimulus package in response to virus outbreak”. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/indonesia-economy/indonesia-unveils-nearly-750-mln-stimulus-package-in-response-to-virus-outbreak-idUSJ9N29001A

Suara (1 February 2020), “5 Cara Indonesia Selamatkan Warganya dari Ancaman Virus Corona”. Available at: https://www.suara.com/news/2020/02/01/163313/5-cara-indonesia-selamatkan-warganya-dari-ancaman-virus-corona

Jawa Pos (28 January 2020), “Antisipasi Virus Korona, Istana: Pemerintah Siapkan 100 Rumah Sakit”. Available at: https://www.jawapos.com/nasional/28/01/2020/antisipasi-virus-korona-istana-pemerintah-siapkan-100-rumah-sakit/

Alinea (31 January 2020), “Indonesia akan hentikan sementara impor dari China”. Available at: https://www.alinea.id/bisnis/indonesia-akan-hentikan-sementara-impor-dari-china-b1ZGH9riX

Tempo (2 February 2020), “Cegah Virus Corona, Pemerintah Tutup Akses dari dan Menuju Cina”. Available at: https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1302616/cegah-virus-corona-pemerintah-tutup-akses-dari-dan-menuju-cina

Tribunnews (1 February 2020), “250 WNI dari Wuhan Bakal Diisolasi Sementara di Natuna, Panglima TNI Sampaikan Alasan dan Fasilitas”. Available at: https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2020/02/01/250-wni-dari-wuhan-bakal-diisolasi-sementara-di-natuna-panglima-tni-sampaikan-alasan-dan-fasilitas

Jakarta Globe (10 February 2020), “Indonesia Raises Travel Alert for Singapore After City-State Declares Orange Alert for Coronavirus Outbreak”. Available at: https://jakartaglobe.id/news/indonesia-raises-travel-alert-for-singapore-after-citystate-declares-orange-alert-for-coronavirus-outbreak

The Jakarta Post (8 February 2020), “Indonesia to halt migrant worker placement in mainland China amid virus outbreak”. Available at: https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/02/07/indonesia-to-halt-migrant-worker-placement-in-mainland-china-amid-virus-outbreak.html

Dwipayana, I. D. A. P. (2020). Efforts in securing vaccine for covid-19 outbreak in Indonesia. Health Notions, 4(10), 313-317.

Kementrian Kesehatan (29 September 2021), “Peningkatan Kapasitas Pengelola Vaksin Covid-19 di Provinsi Kalimantan Utara”. Available at: https://farmalkes.kemkes.go.id/2021/09/peningkatan-kapasitas-pengelola-vaksin-covid-19-di-provinsi-kalimantan-utara/

Kementrian Kesehatan (30 June 2022), “Vaksin Merah Putih Masuk tahap Uji Klinik Fase 3”. Available at: https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/rilis-media/20220630/5440441/vaksin-merah-putih-masuk-tahap-uji-klinik-fase-3/

Jatraningrum, D. A., Jati, R. K., Maludin, S., Manalu, R., Helmi, R. L., & Hermawati, W. (2021). Triple Helix Collaboration in Indonesia’s Covid-19 Vaccine Development: Understanding The Barriers and Enablers. STI Policy and Management Journal, 6(2).

The Jakarta Globe (26 March 2022), “Former Health Minister Terawan Booted from Doctors’ Association”. Available at: https://jakartaglobe.id/news/former-health-minister-terawan-booted-from-doctors-association

World Health Organization (31 March 2022), “Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Cleaning And Disinfecting Surfaces In Non-Health Care Settings”. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-cleaning-and-disinfecting-surfaces-in-non-health-care-settings

CNN Indonesia (3 July 2020), “Mentan Klaim Kalung Kayu Putih Ampuh Lawan Virus Corona” Available at: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20200703182926-92-520692/mentan-klaim-kalung-kayu-putih-ampuh-lawan-virus-corona

Kontan (6 July 2020), “Cukup Disebut Kalung Kayu Putih Saja Jangan Kalung Anti Corona”. Available at: https://kesehatan.kontan.co.id/news/cukup-disebut-kalung-kayu-putih-saja-jangan-kalung-anti-corona

CNBC (19 May 2022), “Ironi Harga Masker: Dulu Jutaan, Kini Cuma Rp17 Ribu/50 Pcs”. Available at: https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20220519084745-4-340045/ironi-harga-masker-dulu-jutaan-kini-cuma-rp17-ribu-50-pcs

World Health Organization (5 January 2022), “Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Masks”. Available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-masks

Pemerintah RI (5 April 2020). “Apa itu Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB)?”. Available at: https://covid19.go.id/edukasi/masyarakat-umum/apa-itu-pembatasan-sosial-berskala-besar-psbb

BNPB (3 July 2020). “Update PSBB Transisi”. Available at: https://www.bnpb.go.id/index.php/infografis/update-psbb-transisi

Pemerintah RI (24 June 2021) “PPKM Mikro Kebijakan Tepat Hentikan Laju Penularan COVID-19”. Available at: https://covid19.go.id/edukasi/masyarakat-umum/ppkm-mikro-kebijakan-tepat-hentikan-laju-penularan-covid-19

Pemerintah RI (7 September 2021). “Instruksi Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomer 41 Tahun2021”. Available at: https://covid19.go.id/p/regulasi/instruksi-menteri-dalam-negeri-nomor-41-tahun-2021

Pemerintah RI (11 April 2020). “Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Republik Indonesia Nomer 18 Tahun 2020”. Available at: https://covid19.go.id/p/regulasi/peraturan-menteri-perhubungan-nomor-pm-18-tahun-2020

Sekretariat Kebinet RI (21 June 2021). “Berlaku Mulai 22 Juni, Inilah Ketentuan Pengetatan PPKM Mikro. Available at: https://setkab.go.id/berlaku-mulai-22-juni-inilah-ketentuan-pengetatan-ppkm-mikro/

Pemerintah RI (1 July 2021). “Inilah Aturan Lengkap PPKM Darurat”. Available at: https://covid19.go.id/p/masyarakat-umum/inilah-aturan-lengkap-ppkm-darurat-3-20-juli-2021

Pemerintah RI (1 April 2020). “Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomer 7 Tahun 2020”. Available at: https://covid19.go.id/p/regulasi/keppres-nomor-7-tahun-2020-tentang-gugus-tugas-percepatan-penanganan-covid-i9

Saputra, M., Arsyi, M., Nurhanifah, N., Octavia, S. N., & Pratomo, H. (2020). Evaluasi pedoman penanganan cepat medis dan kesehatan masyarakat tentang coronavirus disease (covid-19) di indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Keperawatan Indonesia, 10(02), 46-55.

Kementrian Kesehatan (19 January 2021). “Kemenkes Siap Sosialisasikan Perubahan Istilah ODP, PDP dan OTG ke Seluruh Dinas Kesehatan”. Available at: https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/umum/20200714/3334463/kemenkes-siap-sosialisasikan-perubahan-istilah-odp-pdp-dan-otg-seluruh-dinas-kesehatan/

Pemerintah RI (2 July 2021). “Instruksi Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomer 15 Tahun 2021”. Available at: https://covid19.go.id/p/regulasi/instruksi-menteri-dalam-negeri-nomor-15-tahun-2021

Pemerintah RI (13 October 2009). “Undang – Undang Republik Indonesia Nomer 36 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kesehatan”. Available at: https://infeksiemerging.kemkes.go.id/download/UU_36_2009_Kesehatan.pdf

BPKP (30 September 2020). “BPKP Hitung Penetapan Harga Tes Usap (Swab) PCR”. Available at: https://www.bpkp.go.id/berita/read/26386/0/BPKP-Hitung-Penetapan-Harga-Tes-Usap-Swab-PCR

The Age dan Sydney Morning Herald (31 January 2020), “’That’s a problem’: Indonesia’s coronavirus vulnerability revealed”. Available at: https://www.theage.com.au/world/asia/that-s-a-problem-indonesia-s-coronavirus-vulnerability-revealed-20200130-p53wc9.html; https://www.smh.com.au/world/asia/that-s-a-problem-indonesia-s-coronavirus-vulnerability-revealed-20200130-p53wc9.html

Sydney Morning Herald (14 February 2020), “Why are there no cases of coronavirus in Indonesia?”. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/world/asia/why-are-there-are-no-cases-of-coronavirus-in-indonesia-20200213-p540o1.html

Sydney Morning Herald (17 February 2020), “Indonesian minister blames ‘budget efficiency’ for low coronavirus test rate”. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/world/asia/indonesian-minister-blames-budget-efficiency-for-low-coronavirus-test-rate-20200217-p541ma.html

Olivia, S., Gibson, J., & Nasrudin, R. A. (2020). Indonesia in the Time of Covid-19. Bulletin of Indonesian economic studies, 56(2), 143-174.

CNBC (22 July 2021). “Indonesia Reported the Highest New Covid Cases In the World Last Week, Says WHO”. Available at: https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/22/who-indonesia-reported-most-new-covid-cases-in-the-world-last-week.html

Pemerintah RI (6 April 2020). Available at: https://covid19.go.id/artikel/2020/04/06/kemenkes-isolasi-diri-menjaga-jarak-fisik

Kata Data (8 July 2021). “Kelangkaan Oksigen Medis di Tengah Ledakan Kasus COVID-19”. Available at: https://katadata.co.id/ariayudhistira/infografik/60e65d79eb147/kelangkaan-oksigen-medis-di-tengah-ledakan-kasus-covid-19

Universitas Gadjah Mada (15 July 2021). “Pakar UGM Bicara Tentang Kelangkaan Oksigen dan Solusinya”. Available at: https://ugm.ac.id/id/berita/21387-pakar-ugm-bicara-tentang-kelangkaan-oksigen-dan-solusinya

Babu, G. R., Ray, D., Bhaduri, R., Halder, A., Kundu, R., Menon, G. I., & Mukherjee, B. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Through the Lens of Modeling. Global Health: Science and Practice, 9(2), 220-228.

Radhakrishnan, N., & Gupta, D. K. (2021). India's COVID-19 response: science first. The Lancet, 397(10293), 2464-2465.

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (6 April 2020). “Why It’s So Hard to Solve the Ventilator Shortage”. Available at: https://globalhealthnow.org/2020-04/why-its-so-hard-solve-ventilator-shortage

Universitas Gadjah Mada (7 July 2020). “Sri Sultan Apresiasi Ventilator Karya Peneliti UGM”. Available at: https://www.ugm.ac.id/id/berita/19680-sri-sultan-apresiasi-ventilator-karya-peneliti-ugm

Hidayat, S., Halid, J., Dirgantara, T., Kusuma, M. A., Utomo, H., Sudjud, R. W., ... & Tjahjono, H. (2020). Lessons learned from rapid development of CPAP ventilator vent-i during COVID-19 pandemic in indonesia. Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences, 52(5), 765-778.

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (25 Mei 2020). “E-VITS Ventilator Declared to Have Passed the BPFK Technical Feasibility Test”. Available at: https://www.its.ac.id/news/en/2020/05/25/e-vits-ventilator-declared-to-have-passed-the-bpfk-technical-feasibility-test/

BBC (24 January 2022). “Kasus Dugaan Suntik Vaksin Kosong, DPR Mau Bentuk Panja Vaksinasi, Disebut 'Seharusnya Sedari Dulu' Lakukan Pengawasan”. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-60102058

Siregar, G. T., Sinaga, L. V., & Purba, A. G. (2021). PENIPUAN PENGGUNAAN ALAT ANTIGEN BEKAS (Studi Kasus Bandara Kualanamu, Medan-Sumut). JURNAL RECTUM: Tinjauan Yuridis Penanganan Tindak Pidana, 3(2), 130-136.

Pemerintah RI (20 July 2020). “[SALAH] Laser Dari Termometer Gun Akan Merusak Struktur Otak”. Available at: https://covid19.go.id/p/hoax-buster/salah-laser-dari-termometer-gun-akan-merusak-struktur-otak

Pemerintah RI (21 May 2021). “[SALAH] Vaksin Covid-19 Mengandung Microchip Magnetik”. Available at: https://covid19.go.id/p/berita/salah-vaksin-covid-19-mengandung-microchip-magnetik

Kompas (12 July 2021). “Viral Video Cara Bedakan Oximeter Asli dan Palsi Pakai Pensil Ini?”. Available at: https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2021/07/12/175000765/viral-video-cara-bedakan-oximeter-asli-dan-palsu-pakai-pensil-ini?page=all

Katadata (21 April 2022). “2087 Tenaga Kesehatan Meninggal Akibat COVID-19 Hingga 21 April 2022”. Available at: https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/04/21/2087-tenaga-kesehatan-meninggal-akibat-covid-19-hingga-21-april-2022

Badan Pusat Statistik (15 February 2021). “Persentase Penduduk Miskin September 2020 Naik Menjadi 10,19 Persen”. Available at: https://www.bps.go.id/pressrelease/2021/02/15/1851/persentase-penduduk-miskin-september-2020-naik-menjadi-10-19-persen.html

Anisa, D. (2020). Korelasi Kemiskinan Dan Kejahatan. Sol Justisio, 2(2 Desember), 250-255.

Sinuraya, T. S. D., & Suwarno, P. (2021). Strategi Pemberantasan Dan Pencegahan Korupsi Di Indonesia Dalam Masa Pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Education and Development, 9(3), 125-130.

Alfiyah, N. (2021). Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pelaku Korupsi Bantuan Sosial di Masa Kedaruratan Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Education and Development, 9(2), 378-382.

Okenews (11 August 2021). “Tilep Bantuan Negara di Masa Pandemi Ini Deretan Kasus Korupsi Bansos”. Available at: https://nasional.okezone.com/read/2021/08/10/337/2453723/tilep-bantuan-negara-di-masa-pandemi-ini-deretan-kasus-korupsi-bansos?page=2

Merdeka (24 November 2021). “Kejari Tetapkan 7 Tersangka Kasus Korupsi Masker di Dinsos Karangasem Bali”. Available at: https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/kejari-tetapkan-7-tersangka-kasus-korupsi-masker-di-dinsos-karangasem-bali.html

Kompas (15 Maret 2022). “Kasus Korupsi Dana Bantuan COVID-19 Rp 46 Miliar 2 ASN di Indramayu Jadi Tersangka”. Available at: https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/03/15/203153678/kasus-korupsi-dana-bantuan-covid-19-rp-46-miliar-2-asn-di-indramayu-jadi?page=all

Detiknews (4 August 2021). “Terbongkar Korupsi Bansos PKH bikin Negara Rugi Rp 35 Miliar”. Available at: https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5668594/terbongkar-korupsi-bansos-pkh-bikin-negara-rugi-rp-35-miliar

Palacios, R., Batista, A. P., Albuquerque, C. S. N., Patiño, E. G., Santos, J. D. P., Tilli Reis Pessoa Conde, M., ... & Kallas, E. G. (2021). Efficacy and safety of a COVID-19 inactivated vaccine in healthcare professionals in Brazil: the PROFISCOV study.

Polack, F. P., Thomas, S. J., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S., ... & Gruber, W. C. (2020). Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine. New England journal of medicine.

Rutten, L. J. F., Zhu, X., Leppin, A. L., Ridgeway, J. L., Swift, M. D., Griffin, J. M., ... & Jacobson, R. M. (2021, March). Evidence-based strategies for clinical organizations to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. In Mayo Clinic Proceedings (Vol. 96, No. 3, pp. 699-707). Elsevier.

Hisan, U. K. Studi Perilaku Pencarian Informasi Kesehatan oleh Generasi Z di DIY Terkait Vaksinasi Covid-19. Media Informasi, 31(1), 44-54.

Betsch, C., Renkewitz, F., Betsch, T., & Ulshöfer, C. (2010). The influence of vaccine-critical websites on perceiving vaccination risks. Journal of health psychology, 15(3), 446-455.

MacDonald, N. E. (2015). Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine, 33(34), 4161-4164.

Blekas, A., Voitsidis, P., Athanasiadou, M., Parlapani, E., Chatzigeorgiou, A. F., Skoupra, M., ... & Diakogiannis, I. (2020). COVID-19: PTSD symptoms in Greek health care professionals. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(7), 812.

Cénat, J. M., Blais-Rochette, C., Kokou-Kpolou, C. K., Noorishad, P. G., Mukunzi, J. N., McIntee, S. E., ... & Labelle, P. R. (2021). Prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, posttraumatic stress disorder, and psychological distress among populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry research, 295, 113599.

Tan, B. Y., Chew, N. W., Lee, G. K., Jing, M., Goh, Y., Yeo, L. L., ... & Sharma, V. K. (2020). Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in Singapore. Annals of internal medicine, 173(4), 317-320.

Johnson, S. U., Ebrahimi, O. V., & Hoffart, A. (2020). PTSD symptoms among health workers and public service providers during the COVID-19 outbreak. PloS one, 15(10), e0241032.

Chamaa, F., Bahmad, H. F., Darwish, B., Kobeissi, J. M., Hoballah, M., Nassif, S. B., ... & Abou-Kheir, W. (2021). PTSD in the COVID-19 Era. Current Neuropharmacology, 19(12), 2164-2179.

Hobfoll, S. E., Watson, P., Bell, C. C., Bryant, R. A., Brymer, M. J., Friedman, M. J., ... & Ursano, R. J. (2007). Five essential elements of immediate and mid–term mass trauma intervention: Empirical evidence. Psychiatry, 70(4), 283-315.

Downloads

Published

2022-12-03

How to Cite

Khairatun Hisan, U., Miftahul Amri, M., Afira Pramesti, T., & Rahmawati, I. (2022). A Study of Post COVID-19 Disaster in Indonesia: A Lesson Learned is a Lesson Earned. Ahmad Dahlan Medical Journal, 3(2), 59–75. Retrieved from http://journal2.uad.ac.id/index.php/admj/article/view/6411