Kebijakan Sistem Zonasi Persekolahan Untuk Pemerataan Dan Mutu Pendidikan: Universalisasi Vs Seleksi, Melawan Arus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12928/jimp.v4i2.12535Keywords:
Ekuiti, sistem zonasi, sistem orang tua memilih, kesenjangan pendidikanAbstract
Artikel ini membahas dua sistem penempatan siswa di sekolah dan kelas berfocus dampaknya terhadap perbaikan sekolah dan belajar semua anak. Negara berusaha mengendalikan pendidikan melalui sekolah negeri, publik. Pemerintah menetapkan zona-zona pendidikan sebagai suatu sistem dikenal juga sistem neighborhood schooling. Berbagai sebab dan pertimbangan kebijakan orang tua memilih sekolah ditetapkan dan menjadi luas sekitar tahun 80an akhir .Orang tua bebas memilih sekolah dilaksanakan sejak Indonesia merdeka Timbullah fenomena sekolah favorit dan nonfavorit.. Kesenjangan pendidikan mulai dibahas terkait dengan orang tua memilih. Pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan zonasi dalam penerimaan peserta didik baru (PPDB). Timbullah pro dan kontra sistem zonasi pendidikan. Dua sistem generic penempatan siswa di sekolah dan kelas itu sarat ideology. Kelompok orang tua memilih sekolah memiliki kaitan dengan pandangan bahwa pendidikan itu suatu komoditas dapat dijualbelikan secara bebas. Praktik selektif mendominasi pendidikan. Dampaknya terjadinya pemisahan etnis dan social di sekolah dan di masyarakat. Ini berbeda dengan pandangan bahwa pendidikan itu “barang social” untuk semua orang dan perbaikan pendidikan dapat diusahakan bersama oleh seluruh masyarakat dengan prinsip ekuiti berdimensi fairness dan inclusi. Perlu dikembangkan institusi yang dapat membebaskan prestasi siswa lepas dari kondisi social ekonomi orang tua dan setiap siswa dapat memiliki keterampilan dasar minimal untuk perbaikan kehidupan mereka dan masyarakatnya. Lazimnya pemerintah pusat dan daerah menetapkan zona-zona sekolah dan mengatur penempatan siswa. Zona pendidikan dan prosedur penempatan anak dapat terus dikaji dampaknya buat perbaikan. Konsep indeks dissimilarity dan indeks exposure dikembangkan untuk memantau dampak implementasi dua sistem penempatan siswa tersebut.
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