Penetapan kadar alkohol pada kosmetik menggunakan metode kromatografi gas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12928/jhsr.v1i1.2501Keywords:
Alkohol, kosmetik, kadarAbstract
Alkohol merupakan bahan yang banyak digunakan di farmasi, salah satunya kosmetik.  Penggunaan alkohol pada kosmetik biasanya memiliki fungsi sebagai pelarut, astrigent, desinfektan, mengurangi tegangan permukaan, dan meningkatkan daya pembersih.  Penggunaan alkohol di kosmetik menurut Majelis Ulama Indonesia diperbolehkan asalkan tidak berasal dari industri khamr, namun sekarang banyak kosmetik yang terdapat label free alcohol. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan alkohol pada produk kosmetik yang mengklaim free alcohol dan mengetahui kadar alkohol pada kosmetik. Metode penelitian dilakukan mengunakan teknik obsevasional survey, non probability berupa simple random sampling pada kosmetik di swalayan. Salah satu validasi metode analisa yaitu uji kesesuaian sistem dilakukan sebelum analis sampel untuk memastikan bahwa instrumen dapat menghasilkan data yang dapat diterima yaitu nilai tR sampel untuk mengetahui mengandung alkohol atau tidak. Analisis kuantitatif dilakukan dengan rasio AUC etanol-isopropanol dengan kadar dan dibuat regresi linear. Hasil uji kesesuaian sistem dengan parameter RSD tR 0,2231%; TF 0,9568; N 2872,5318; dan Rs 1,874 memenuhi syarat kecuali RSD AUC 10,0277% tidak memenuhi syarat sehingga sistem akan mengahasilkan data yang dapat diterima. Empat sampel dari 6 sampel kosmetik micellar water dan toner positif mengandung alkohol tidak sesuai dengan label pada kemasan yaitu produk kosmetik Wardah, Mustika Ratu, Pixy dan Pond’s. Dua sampel negatif tidak mengandung alkohol adalah Nivea dan Himalaya. Range kadar alkohol yang terdapat pada kosmetik tersebut dari 2,48 x10-4% - 4,96 x10-4 %.References
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Wang, M.L. Choong, Y.M. Su, N.W. and Lee, M.H. (2003) A Rapid Method for Determination of Ethanol in Alcoholic Beverages Using Capillary Gas Chromatography. Journal of Food and Drug Analysisi. 11(2):133-140.
Wang, M., Wang, C., and Han, X. (2017) Selection of internal standards of accurate quantification of complex lipid species in biological extracts by electrospray ionization mass spestrometry – What, How, and Why, Mass Spectrum. 36(6):693-714.
Anonim. (2018) Keputusan Ijtima’ Ulama Komisi Fatwa Se-Indonesia VI tahun 2018. Majelis Ulama Indonesia. Kalimantan Selatan.
Alfauziah, T.Q. (2018) Mengenal Kosmetik Pembersih Wajah Micellar Water dan Perkembangannya. Majalah Farmasetika. 3(5):94-97.
Ayudhitya, D. dan Tjuatja, I. (2012) Anda Dokter Keluarga Anda. Penbar Plus. Depok.
Brown, W.H. and Poon, T. (2011) Introduction Organic Chemistry International Studen. edisi 15. United States.
Bennasir, H. and Sridhar, S. (2009) Safety Evaluation of Ethanol based Product and its Influence on Human. Journal of Pharmacy Reserch. 2(11):1732-1734.
Cartner, T. Brnad, N. Tian, K. Saud, A. Carr, T. Stapleton, P. Lane, ME. dan Rawlings, AV. (2017) Effect of Different Alcohols on Stratum Corneum Kallikrein 5 and Phospolipase A2 Together with Epidermal Keratinocytes and Skin Irritation. International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 39:188-196.
Gandjar, I.G. dan Rohman, A. (2015) Kimia Farmasi Analisis. Pustaka Pelajar. Yogyakarta
Haq, M.W. Batool, M. Ahsan, S.H. and Qureshi, N.R. (2009) Alcohol Use In Mouthwash and Possible Oral Health Concerns, Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 59(3):186-190.
Koes, I. (2013) Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Keracunan Bahan Kimia Berbahaya. Yrama Widya. Bandung.
Kofford, J.C., Manandhar, E., and Logue, B.A., 2015, Quantitative Hands-on Gas Chromatography Undergraduate Analytical Laboratory Exercise. Journal of Laboratory Chemical Education. 3(1):12-17.
Lachenmeir, D.W. (2008) Safety Evaluation of Topical Application of Ethanol on the Skin and Inside the Oral Cavity. Journal of Occupational Medicine Marchetti, E. Mummolo, S. Mattia, J.D. Casalena, F. Martino, S.D. Mattei, A. and Marzo, G., (2011) Efficacy of Essential Oil Mouthwash with and Without Alcohol: a 3-Day Plaque Accumulation Model. Trials.12:1-7.
Marvania, M. Deshpande, S. Bagade, S. and Shelke, M. (2017) Estimation of Ethanol in Marketed Mouthwash by Gas Chromatography. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 29(7):1587-1590.
Mohammed, A.H. Mohammed, A.K. Kamar, F.H. and Abbas, A.A. (2018) Determination of Ethanol in Fermented Broth bu Headspace Gas Chromatography using Capillary Column. Revista de Chimie-Burcharest-Original Edition. 69(11):2969-2972.
Muller, E.I. Abad, F., Adriano, J.D.e.C. (2010) Internal Standard versus Eksternal Standard Calibration: An Uncertainty Case Study of A Liquid Chromatography Analysis. Quin Nova. 33(4):984-987.
Rejeki, E.S. (2010) Analisis Etanol dalam Hair Tonic dan Hair Spray secara Kromatografi Gas., Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia. 7(1):7-11.
Rifaah, S. (2012) Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Pemakaian Parfum Beralkohol. Skripsi. Falkutas Syariah Institut Agama Islam Negeri Walisongo. Semarang.
Rizalina, H. Cahyono, E. Mursiti, S. Nurcahyo, B. dan Supartono. (2018) Optimasi Penentuan Kadar Metanol dalamDarah Menggunakan Gas Chromatography. Indonesia Journal of Chemical Science. 7(3):254-261.
Shaik, R. Reddy, S.P. Shaik, S. Nemalladinne, S.E.S. Reddy, D.S.P. and Praveen, K.N.S. (2017) Estimation of pH, Total Acid and Ethano Content of Commercially Available Alcohol-Containing Moutwahses and its Effect on Salivary. Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare. 4(54):3302-3307.
Suprianto. (2018) Parameter Optimasi dan Validasi Metode Ultra Fast Liquaid Chromatography. 8-31
Syariena, A. and Puziah, H. (2014) Rapid Determination of Residual Ethanol in Perfumery Products Using Headspace Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Researsh. 22 (3): 431-435.
Wang, M.L. Choong, Y.M. Su, N.W. and Lee, M.H. (2003) A Rapid Method for Determination of Ethanol in Alcoholic Beverages Using Capillary Gas Chromatography. Journal of Food and Drug Analysisi. 11(2):133-140.
Wang, M., Wang, C., and Han, X. (2017) Selection of internal standards of accurate quantification of complex lipid species in biological extracts by electrospray ionization mass spestrometry – What, How, and Why, Mass Spectrum. 36(6):693-714.
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