Investigating The Effects of Activation Temperature on The Crystal Structure of Activated Charcoal From Palm Bunches (Arengga Pinnata Merr.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12928/irip.v2i1.818Keywords:
Crystal structure, temperature activation, XRD, bunches of palmAbstract
This research aims to determine the effect of activation temperature the crystal structure of activated charcoal. The material used activated charcoal bunches (Arengga Pinnate Merr). The process of making activated charcoal divided into two, namely the carbonization stage at a temperature of 250- 400 oC and the activation stage at a temperature variation of 600 - 800 ÌŠC. To find the crystal structure, the sample characterized by X-Ray Diffraction. The results of analysis the dominant elements diamond before activation with a percentage of 90.2% and an orthorhombic crystalline structure, where the lattice parameter a = 4.12700 Ã…; b = 4.93700 Ã…; c = 4.81900 Ã…. Peak Carbon has a hexagonal crystal structure in all temperature variations. Peak Graphite an orthorhombic crystal structure and at a temperature of 700 oC a hexagonal crystal structure formed. Therefore, giving temperature variations the activated charcoal of the bunches affects the structure of the formed Crystal. Wherein increasing the activation temperature, the crystal structure that forms look more amorphous marked by a widening diffraction peak intensity decreased crystalsReferences
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V. Vlack and L. H, Ilmu dan Teknologi Bahan. Jakarta: Erlangga, 1995.
Heyne. K, Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia, Edisi II. Jakarta: Yayasan Sarana Wana Jaya, 1987.
M. K. M. Haafiz et al., “Microcrystalline Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches as Filler in Polylactic Acid,†Polymers & Polymer Composites, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 675–680, 2016.
F. Schuchardt, D. Darnoko, and P. Guritno, “Composting of Empty Oil Palm Fruit Bunch (EFB) With Simultaneous Evaporation Of Oil Mill Waste Water (POME)," International Oil Palm Conference, 2002, pp. 1–9.
I. Udoetok, “Characterization of ash made from oil palm empty fruit bunches,†International Journal of Environmental Sciences, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2012.
Haygreen and G. John, Hutan dan Kehutan. Yogyakarta: UGM Press, 1986.
K. Kinoshita, “Electrochemical Uses of Carbon,†Electrochemistry Encyclopedia. The electrochemical society is advancing solid-state and electrochemical science and technology, pp. 1–5, 2019.
L. Kavan, “Electrochemical Carbon,†Chemical Review, vol. 97, no. 9, pp. 3061–3082, 1997.
M. Lempang and Hermin Tikupadang, “Application of Candlenut Shell Activated Charcoal as a component in Seedling Culture Medium of Gmelina arborea Roxb.,†Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 121–137, 2013.
O. Paris, C. Zollfrank, and G. A. Zickler, “Decomposition and Carbonisation of Wood Biopolymers — a Microstructural Study of Softwood Pyrolysis,†Journal of Carbon, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 53–66, 2005.
A. G. Haji, Z. Alim, B. W. Lay, S. H. Sutjahjo, and G. Pari, “Characterization of Liquid Smoke Pyrolyzed,†Journal Teknik Industri pertanian, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 111–118, 2007.
T. A. Fahmy, “Biomass pyrolysis: past, present, and future,†Environment, Development and Sustainability, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 1–16, 2018.
D. B, S. Ketaren, and S. Setyahartini, Pengolahan Arang dan Kegunaanya. Bogor: IPB Press, 1985.
Masthura and Zulkarnain, "Karakterisasi Mikrostruktur Karbon Aktif Tempurung Kelapa dan Kayu Bakau," JElkawnie: journal of Islamic Science and Technology, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 45–54, 2018.
A. Budianto, E. Kusdarini, S. S. W. Effendi, and M. Aziz, “The Production of Activated Carbon from Indonesian Mangrove Charcoal,†IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 012006, no. 462, pp. 1–8, 2019.
S. V Kailas, “Material Science,†Indian Institute of Science, 2012.
M. Kurniati, D. Nurhayati, and A Maddu, “Study of Structural and Electrical Conductivity of Sugarcane Bagasse-Carbon with Hydrothermal Carbonization,†IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 012049, no. 58, pp. 1–7, 2017.
Z. Z. Chowdhury et al., "Effect of Temperature on the Physical, Electro-Chemical and Adsorption Properties of Carbon Micro-Spheres Using Hydrothermal Carbonization Process," Nano material, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 1–19, 2018.
S. M. Manocha, “Porous carbons,†SADHANA, vol. 28, no. 1–2, pp. 335–348, 2003.
A. Kienle and M. S. Patterson, “Determination of the optical properties of turbid media from a single Monte Carlo simulation,†Physics Medicine Biology, vol. 2221, no. 41, pp. 1–8, 1996.
A. P. Sandi and Astuti, “Pengaruh Waktu Aktivasi Menggunakan H3PO4 Terhadap Struktur Dan Ukuran Pori Karbon Berbasis Arang Tempurung Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana)," Jurnal Fisika Unand, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 115–120, 2014.
Arisman, “Hasil Preparasi dengan Teknik Close Spaced Vapor Transport (CSVT ),†Prosiding Pertemuan Ilmiah XXVII HFI Jateng & DIY, 2013, pp. 97–102.
V. Starikov, M. Ivashchenko, and A. S. Opanasyuk, “Surface morphology and optical properties of cdse films obtained by the close-spaced vacuum sublimation technique,†Journal Nano-Electron Physics, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 45–54, 2009.
P. J. Putri, Ratnawulan, and Gusnedi, “Analisis Struktur Bijih Mangan Hasil Proses Sinter yang Terdapat Di Nagari Kiawai Kecamatan Gunung Tuleh Kabupaten Pasaman Barat,†Pillar of Physics, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 105–112, 2015.
K. Nagashima, M. Nara, and J. Matsuda, “Raman spectroscopic study of diamond and graphite in ureilites and the origin of diamonds,†Meteoritics & Planetary Science, vol. 1737, no. 11, pp. 1728–1737, 2012.
Y. Kimura, T. Sato, and C. Kaito, “Production and structural characterization of carbon soot with narrow UV absorption feature,†Journal of Carbon, vol. 42, pp. 33–38, 2004.
R. E. Smallman, Metalurgi Fisik Moderen, Edisi enam. Jakarta: Erlangga, 2003.
H. Syukriani, A. Budiman, and D. Puryanti, “dan Struktur Stronsium Ferit (SrFe12O19) Pasir Besi Batang Sukam Kabupaten Sijunjung Sumatera Barat,†Jurnal Fisika Unand, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 225–231, 2017.
V. Vlack and L. H, Ilmu dan Teknologi Bahan. Jakarta: Erlangga, 1995.
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