Effect of Sintering Temperature on Crystal Structure and Conductivity of the CaCO3-Doped Li4Ti5O12 Anodes from Blood Clam Shells (Anadara granosa)

Marhan Ebit  Saputra; Megawati Ayu  Putri; Eka  Febrianti; Widodo Budi Kurniawan

doi:10.12928/irip.v5i1.4804

Authors

Marhan Ebit Saputra Universitas Bangka Belitung https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8829-539X
Megawati Ayu Putri Universitas Bangka Belitung
Eka Febrianti Universitas Bangka Belitung
Widodo Budi Kurniawan Universitas Bangka Belitung https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7451-1186

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12928/irip.v5i1.4804

Keywords:

Blood Clam Shell, Conductivity, Li4Ti5O12, Sintering Temperature

Abstract

CaCO₃-doped Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ was synthesized by solid-state method with sintering temperatures at 750 °C, 800 °C, and 850 °C. The source of CaCO₃ was used from blood clam shells (Anadara granosa) with a content of 97.67%. The influence of sintering temperature on crystal structure and conductivity of CaCO₃-doped Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ are extensively studied. XRD results show there is no CaCO₃ phase found, which indicates that the doping of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ with CaCO₃ has been successful. The smallest crystallite size was obtained at a sintering temperature of 800 °C, which is 46.49 nm, which is beneficial for shortening diffusion length and facilitating the electron and ion transport, causing an increase in anode conductivity. The most optimal conductivity was obtained in samples with a sintering temperature of 800 °C with a conductivity of 2.46 x 10^-4 S/cm. When the sintering temperature is increased to 850 °C, the particles tend to agglomerate and deteriorate the electrochemical properties.

Author Biographies

Marhan Ebit Saputra, Universitas Bangka Belitung

Department of Physics, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Bangka Belitung

Megawati Ayu Putri, Universitas Bangka Belitung

Department of Physics, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Bangka Belitung

Eka Febrianti, Universitas Bangka Belitung

Department of Physics, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Bangka Belitung

Widodo Budi Kurniawan, Universitas Bangka Belitung

Department of Physics, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Bangka Belitung

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