Tourists’ demographics and consumer behavior: Unveiling differences in culinary tourism

Authors

  • Ramon Hurdawaty Universitas Pakuan
  • Wirawan Dony Dahana Osaka University
  • Yuary Farradia Universitas Pakuan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12928/fokus.v15i2.14180

Abstract

Culinary tourism has gained increasing attention as destinations seek to create memorable travel experiences. This research addresses a gap in the literature regarding how tourist demographics shape memorable culinary experiences and revisit intention. The study's main objective is to analyze the differences in tourists' demographic attributes, including age, gender, culinary expenditure, and culinary preferences, concerning their perceptions and intentions. The research used quantitative methods through a survey analysis of 400 domestic tourists in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. The impact of demographic differences was calculated using ANOVA and an independent-sample t-test with SPSS version 24. The results show that age and culinary expenditure differentiate the perception of memorable culinary tourism experiences. In contrast, no significant differences were found between the demographic variables of gender and culinary tourism preference. Moreover, no significant differences were found in tourists’ perceptions of revisit intention across any demographic variables. These findings suggest that tourism managers and policymakers adopt a dual strategy: designing memorable and emotionally engaging culinary experiences across all groups while shifting from demographic-based targeting to psychographic and experiential segmentation. This study contributes to a better understanding of consumer behavior in culinary tourism and provides practical insights for destination management and policy development.

References

Afaq, A., Gaur, L., & Singh, G. (2023). A trip down memory lane to travellers’ food experiences. British Food Journal, 125(4), 1390–1403. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-01-2022-0063

Agyeiwaah, E., Otoo, F. E., Suntikul, W., & Huang, W. J. (2019). Understanding culinary tourist motivation, experience, satisfaction, and loyalty using a structural approach. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 36(3), 295–313. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2018.1541775

Andersson, T. D., Getz, D., Vujicic, S., Robinson, R. N., & Cavicchi, A. (2016). Preferred travel experiences of foodies: An application of photo elicitation. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 22(1), 55-67. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766715589621

Badu-Baiden, F., Kim, S., & Wong, I. A. (2023). A cross-cultural multilevel investigation on memorable destination local food consumption experience and food personality traits. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 40(4), 275-293. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2023.2245423

Balderas-Cejudo, A., Patterson, I., & Leeson, G. W. (2019). Senior Foodies: A developing niche market in gastronomic tourism. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 16, 100152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2019.100152

Bartl, E., Weigert, M., Bauer, A., Schmude, J., Karl, M. S., & Küchenhoff, H. (2025). Understanding travel behaviour patterns and their dynamics: Applying fuzzy clustering and age-period-cohort analysis on long-term data of German travellers. European Journal of Tourism Research, 39. https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v39i.3862

Batat, W. (2019). Experiential marketing: Consumer behavior, customer experience and the 7Es (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315232201

Björk, P., & Kauppinen-Räisänen, H. (2016). Exploring the multi-dimensionality of travellers’ culinary-gastronomic experiences. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(12), 1260–1280. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.868412

Brakus, J. J., Chen, W., Schmitt, B., & Zarantonello, L. (2022). Experiences and happiness: The role of gender. Psychology & Marketing, 39(8), 1646–1659. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21677

Brochado, A., Cristóvão Veríssimo, J. M., & de Oliveira, J. C. L. (2022). Memorable tourism experiences, perceived value dimensions and behavioral intentions: a demographic segmentation approach. Tourism Review, 77(6), 1472–1486. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-09-2021-0433

Buckley, R. C. (2022). Sensory and emotional components in tourist memories of wildlife encounters: Intense, detailed, and long-lasting recollections of individual incidents. Sustainability, 14(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084460

Carstensen, L. L., & Hershfield, H. E. (2021). Beyond stereotypes: Using socioemotional selectivity theory to improve messaging to older adults. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 30(4), 327-334. https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214211011468

Carvache-Franco, M., Hassan, T., Carvache-Franco, O., Carvache-Franco, W., & Martin-Moreno, O. (2023). Demand segmentation and sociodemographic aspects of food festivals: A study in Bahrain. Plos One, 18(6), e0287113. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287113

Carvalho, Mariana, Kastenholz, Elisabeth, Carneiro, Maria João, & Souza, Luís. (2023). Co-creation of food tourism experiences: Tourists’ perspectives of a Lisbon food tour. Tourist Studies, 23(2), 128–148. https://doi.org/10.1177/14687976231168941

Cavagnaro, E., Staffieri, S., Carrieri, A., Burns, K., Chen, N., & Fermani, A. (2021). Profiling for sustainable tourism: Young travellers’ self-transcendence values and motivations. European Journal of Tourism Research, 28(SE-Research papers), 2810. https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v28i.2261

Cavagnaro, E., Staffieri, S., & Postma, A. (2018). Understanding millennials’ tourism experience: Values and meaning to travel as a key for identifying target clusters for youth (sustainable) tourism. Journal of Tourism Futures, 4(1), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-12-2017-0058

Chang, M., Kim, J. H., & Kim, D. (2018). The effect of food tourism behavior on food festival visitor’s revisit intention. Sustainability, 10(10), 3534. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103534

Chen, C. C., & Lin, Y. H. (2012). Segmenting mainland Chinese tourists to Taiwan by destination familiarity: A factor‐cluster approach. International Journal of Tourism Research, 14(4), 339-352. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.864

Chen, H., Wang, Y., & Li, N. (2022). Research on the relationship of consumption emotion, experiential marketing, and revisit intention in cultural tourism cities: A case study. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 894376. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.894376

Chen, J., Hsu, F. C., Yan, L., Lee, H. M., & Zhang, Y. (2023). Tourists’ food involvement, place attachment, and destination loyalty: The moderating role of lifestyle. Behavioral Sciences, 13(8), 629. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13080629

Chen, X., Cheng, Z. F., & Kim, G. B. (2020). Make it memorable: Tourism experience, fun, recommendation and revisit intentions of Chinese outbound tourists. Sustainability, 12(5), 1904. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051904

Cheng, W., Niu, C., Huang, L., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Design strategies for culinary heritage restaurants from a cultural sustainability perspective: Focusing on generation Z consumers. Sustainability, 17(8), 3401. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17083401

Choe, J. Y. J., & Kim, S. S. (2018). Effects of tourists’ local food consumption value on attitude, food destination image, and behavioral intention. International journal of hospitality management, 71, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.11.007

Coelho, M. de F., & Gosling, M. de S. (2018). Memorable tourism experience (MTE): A scale proposal and test. Tourism & Management Studies, 14(4), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.18089/tms.2018.14402

Cordova-Buiza, F., Gabriel-Campos, E., Castaño-Prieto, L., & García-García, L. (2021). the gastronomic experience: Motivation and satisfaction of the gastronomic tourist—The case of Puno City (Peru). Sustainability, 13(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169170

Dahanayake, S., Wanninayake, B., & Ranasinghe, R. (2024). Demographics shaping memorable wellness tourism experiences: A comparative analysis. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 14673584241306368. https://doi.org/10.1177/14673584241306368

Di-Clemente, E., Hernández-Mogollón, J. M., & Campón-Cerro, A. M. (2020). Tourists’ involvement and memorable food-based experiences as new determinants of behavioural intentions towards typical products. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(18), 2319–2332. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1631265

Ding, L., Jiang, C., & Qu, H. (2022). Generation Z domestic food tourists’ experienced restaurant innovativeness toward destination cognitive food image and revisit intention. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 34(11), 4157-4177. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-07-2021-0903

Engel, J. F., Blackwell, R. D., & Miniard, P. W. (1995). Consumer Behavior. Dryden Press.

Fan, A., Shin, H. W., Shi, J., & Wu, L. (2023). Young people share, but do so differently: An empirical comparison of peer-to-peer accommodation consumption between millennials and generation Z. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 64(3), 322-337. https://doi.org/10.1177/19389655221119463

Field, A. (2018). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. SAGE Publications.

Figueroa-Domecq, C., & Segovia-Perez, M. (2020). Application of a gender perspective in tourism research: A theoretical and practical approach. Journal of Tourism Analysis: Revista de Análisis Turístico, 27(2), 251-270. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTA-02-2019-0009

Galati, A., Testa, R., Schifani, G., & Migliore, G. (2023). Tourists’ motivation toward culinary destination choice: Targeting Italian tourists. Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 26(4), 647–668. https://doi.org/10.1080/15378020.2021.1948295

García-Pérez, L. E., & Castillo-Ortiz, I. (2024). Memorable gastro-tourism experiences: A systematic literature review. Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights, 5(2), 100158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annale.2024.100158

García-Pérez, P., Becchi, P. P., Zhang, L., Rocchetti, G., & Lucini, L. (2024). Metabolomics and chemometrics: The next-generation analytical toolkit for the evaluation of food quality and authenticity. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 147, 104481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2024.104481

Ghozali, I. (2016). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS 23 (8th edition). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.

Gupta, V., Galati, A., & Sharma, S. (2023). Explore, eat and revisit: Does local food consumption value influence the destination’s food image?. British Food Journal, 125(12), 4639-4661. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-10-2022-0844

Hamdy, A., Zhang, J., Labben, T., & Eid, R. (2023). The role of destination gender in shaping tourists’ responses toward destinations: The mediating role of destination stereotypes. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 57, 236-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2023.10.007

Hernández-Mogollón, J. M., Di-Clemente, E., & Campón-Cerro, A. M. (2020). Culinary travel experiences, quality of life and loyalty. Spanish Journal of Marketing-ESIC, 24(3), 425-446. https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-11-2019-0094

Hossain, M. S., Hossain, M. A., Al Masud, A., Islam, K. M. Z., Mostafa, M. G., & Hossain, M. T. (2023). The integrated power of gastronomic experience quality and accommodation experience to build tourists’ satisfaction, revisit intention, and word-of-mouth intention. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2023.2173710

Hu, Z., Kumar, J., Kannan, S., & Qin, Q. (2024). The nexus between visitor satisfaction and expenditure behaviour in national parks: The case of Dragon Palace National Park, Guizhou, China. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 47, 100803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2024.100803

Huang, J., Chen, Y., Wang, J., & Xing, D. (2024). Exploring memorable tourism experiences of senior tourists: An embodied cognitive perspective. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 30(3), 361-375. https://doi.org/10.1177/13567667221139281

Hung, K., & Lu, J. (2016). Active living in later life: An overview of aging studies in hospitality and tourism journals. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 53, 133–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.10.008

Jiang, Y., Lyu, C., & Li, J. (2024). Unpacking Generation Z tourists’ motivation for intangible cultural heritage tourism. Tourism Recreation Research, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2024.2383819

Kareem, S. A., & Venugopal, P. (2024). Examining the relationship between gastronomic experience, revisit intention, destination image and destination brand love: A moderating role of cewebrity reviews. Leisure/Loisir, 48(3), 393-419. https://doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2023.2211582

Kaufman, T., & Severt, D. (2023). Gender differences based upon psycho-centric profiles in food tourism. International Journal of Research in Tourism and Hospitality, 9(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.20431/2455-0043.0901001

Kaushal, V., & Yadav, R. (2021). Understanding customer experience of culinary tourism through food tours of Delhi. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 7(3), 683–701. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-08-2019-0135

Kinawy, R. N. (2025). Unraveling consumer behavior: Exploring the influence of consumer ethnocentrism, domestic country bias, brand trust, and purchasing intentions. Strategic Change, 34(2), 137–150. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2607

Kovalenko, A., Dias, Á., Pereira, L., & Simões, A. (2023). Gastronomic Experience and Consumer Behavior: Analyzing the Influence on Destination Image. Foods, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12020315

Leong, A. M. W., Yeh, S. S., Chen, H. B., Lee, C. L., & Huan, T. C. (2024). Does gender make a difference in heritage tourism experience? Searching for answers through multi-group analysis. Tourism Management Perspectives, 52, 101250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2024.101250

Lhendup, K., & Panda, B. (2023). Factors determining the revisit intentions of the tourists: A case study of Bhutan. Millennial Asia, 14(2), 175-199. https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996211045789

Lu, H. Y. (2021). An investigation of factors influencing the risk perception and revisit willingness of seniors. Asia Pacific Management Review, 26(3), 160-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2021.01.002

Luong, T. B., & Nguyen, D. T. A. (2024). Culinary involvement, cultural background, and culinary expertise: Interconnections between destination pull factors, culinary destination image, culinary experiences, and loyalty in Hanoi’s culinary tourism. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 14673584251330185. https://doi.org/10.1177/14673584251330185

Lyu, J., Li, Y., Mao, Z., & Huang, H. (2023). The effect of innovation on tourists’ revisit intention toward tourism destinations. Tourism Review, 78(1), 142–158. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-05-2022-0258

Mak, A. H. N., Lumbers, M., & Eves, A. (2012). Globalisation and food consumption in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(1), 171–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.05.010

Martin, C. A., Camarero Izquierdo, C., & Laguna-Garcia, M. (2021). Culinary tourism experiences: The effect of iconic food on tourist intentions. Tourism Management Perspectives, 40, 100911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100911

Matalas, A., Panaretos, D., Tzoutzou, M., & Lazaridis, G. (2023). Food-related behaviours of female and male tourists before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sexes, 4(1), 167–187. https://doi.org/10.3390/sexes4010014

Mittal, A., Bhandari, H., & Chand, P. K. (2022). Anticipated positive evaluation of social media posts: social return, revisit intention, recommend intention and mediating role of memorable tourism experience. International Journal of Culture, Tourism, and Hospitality Research, 16(1), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-12-2020-0287

Movahed, A., Ghasemi, M., & Gholamalifard, N. (2020). An analysis of the culinary tourism experience between gender groups in Iran. Quaestiones Geographicae, 39(1), 99–108. https://doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2020-0008

Mowen, J. C., & Minor, M. S. (1998). Consumer behavior and marketing strategy. Journal of Market Focused Management.

Nicoletti, S., Medina-Viruel, M. J., Di-Clemente, E., & Fruet-Cardozo, J. V. (2019). Motivations of the culinary tourist in the city of Trapani, Italy. Sustainability, 11(9), 2686. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092686

Nowacki, M., Stasiak, A., & Niezgoda, A. (2023). Exploring memorable gastronomic experiences: Automatic topic modelling of TripAdvisor reviews. Geographia Polonica, 96(3). https://doi.org/10.7163/GPol.0261

Park, E., & Widyanta, A. (2022). Food tourism experience and changing destination foodscape: An exploratory study of an emerging food destination. Tourism Management Perspectives, 42, 100964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2022.100964

Park, J. Y., Bufquin, D., & Back, R. M. (2019). When do they become satiated? An examination of the relationships among winery tourists’ satisfaction, repeat visits and revisit intentions. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 11, 231–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2018.04.004

Pasaco-González, B. S., Campón-Cerro, A. M., Moreno-Lobato, A., & Sánchez-Vargas, E. (2023). The role of demographics and previous experience in tourists’ experiential perceptions. Sustainability, 15(4), 3768. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043768

Prayoga, T. Z., Heidra, T. C., Rahmiati, F., Jokhu, J. R., & Hanafiah, H. (2023). The role of gastronomic experience in tourist revisit intention: An empirical study in the historical city Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 11(12), e1037-e1037. https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i12.1037

Qiu, N., Li, H., Pan, C., Wu, J., & Guo, J. (2024). The study on the relationship between perceived value, satisfaction, and tourist loyalty at industrial heritage sites. Heliyon, 10(17), e37184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37184

Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Chee, S. Y., & Ari Ragavan, N. (2025). Tourists’ perceptions of the sustainability of destination, satisfaction, and revisit intention. Tourism Recreation Research, 50(1), 106-125. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2023.2230762

Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Iranmanesh, M., Seyfi, S., Ari Ragavan, N., & Jaafar, M. (2023). Effects of perceived value on satisfaction and revisit intention: Domestic vs. international tourists. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 29(2), 222-241. https://doi.org/10.1177/13567667221086326

Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Seyfi, S., Hall, C. M., & Hatamifar, P. (2021). Understanding memorable tourism experiences and behavioural intentions of heritage tourists. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 21, 100621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100621

Recuero-Virto, N., & Arróspide, C. V. (2024). Culinary destination enchantment: The strategic interplay of local gastronomy in regional tourism development. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 36, 100931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2024.100931

Satar, M. S., Rather, R. A., Cheema, S., Parrey, S. H., Ghaderi, Z., & Cain, L. (2023). Transforming destination-based customer engagement to revisit intention through co-creation: findings from SEM and fsQCA. Tourism Review, 79(3), 601–621. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-10-2022-0489

Schiffman, L. G., & Wisenblit, J. (2015). Consumer behavior: Global edition. Pearson Education Ltd.

Seyfi, S., Hall, C. M., & Rasoolimanesh, S. M. (2020). Exploring memorable cultural tourism experiences. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 15(3), 341–357. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2019.1639717

Seyfi, S., Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Sthapit, E., & Hall, C. M. (2024). Antecedents of domestic visitor’s memorable experiences and gender difference: A heritage tourism context. Tourism Recreation Research, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2024.2309761

Sie, D. L., Pegg, D. S., & Virginia Phelan, D. K. (2021). Senior tourists’ self-determined motivations, tour preferences, memorable experiences and subjective well-being: An integrative hierarchical model. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 47, 237–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.03.006

Soliman, M. (2021). Extending the theory of planned behavior to predict tourism destination revisit intention. International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Administration, 22(5), 524–549. https://doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2019.1692755

Solomon, M. R. (2018). Consumer Behavior. Pearson Education India.

Solomon, M. R., Bamossy, G. J., & Askegaard, M. K. H. S. (2016). Consumer behavior: A European perspective. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1441-3582(01)70168-1

Soonsan, N., Sukhabot, S., & Phakdee-Auksorn, P. (2023). Understanding the relationship between gastronomic experience, satisfaction, and revisit intention. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 44(2), 585-592. https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/kjss/article/view/266292

Sthapit, E. (2017). Exploring tourists’ memorable food experiences: A study of visitors to Santa’s official hometown. Anatolia, 28(3), 404–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2017.1328607

Sthapit, E. (2019). Memories of gastronomic experiences, savoured positive emotions and savouring processes. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 19(2), 115-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2017.1402702

Sthapit, E., Coudounaris, D. N., & Björk, P. (2019). Extending the memorable tourism experience construct: an investigation of memories of local food experiences. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 19(4-5), 333-353. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2019.1689530

Sthapit, E., Piramanayayagam, S., & Björk, P. (2020). Tourists’ motivations, emotions, and memorable local food experiences. Journal of Gastronomy and Tourism, 5(1), 17–32. https://doi.org/10.3727/216929720x15968961037881

Stone, M. J., Migacz, S., & Sthapit, E. (2022). Connections between culinary tourism experiences and memory. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 46(4), 797–807. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348021994171

Stone, M. J., Soulard, J., Migacz, S., & Wolf, E. (2017). Elements of memorable food, drink, and culinary tourism experiences. Journal of Travel Research, 57(8), 1121–1132. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287517729758

Stone, M. J., & Sthapit, E. (2024). Memories are not all positive: Conceptualizing negative memorable food, drink, and culinary tourism experiences. Tourism Management Perspectives, 54, 101296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2024.101296

Stone, M. J., & Zou, S. (Sharon). (2025). Consumption value in food tourism: The effects on purchase involvement and post-travel behaviours. Tourism Recreation Research, 50(2), 214–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2023.2246737

Testa, R., Galati, A., Schifani, G., Di Trapani, A. M., & Migliore, G. (2019). Culinary tourism experiences in agri-tourism destinations and sustainable consumption-Understanding Italian tourists’ motivations. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174588

Thio, S., Jokom, R., & Widjaja, D. C. (2024). The contribution of perceived food consumption value on destination attractiveness and revisit intention. Journal of Culinary Science & Technology, 22(4), 727–743. https://doi.org/10.1080/15428052.2022.2074331

Thio, S., Kristanti, M., & Sondak, M. R. (2024). The role of food consumption value and attitude toward food on behavioral intention: Culinary tourist behavior in Indonesia. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2371985. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2371985

Tiganis, A., & Chrysochou, P. (2024). Exploring tourist preferences for local food: A Best-Worst Scaling analysis and market segmentation approach. British Food Journal, 126(12), 4093–4107. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-01-2024-0068

Torabi, Z. A., Shalbafian, A. A., Allam, Z., Ghaderi, Z., Murgante, B., & Khavarian-Garmsir, A. R. (2022). Enhancing memorable experiences, tourist satisfaction, and revisit intention through smart tourism technologies. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052721

Tosun, C., Dedeoglu, B. B., & Usakli, A. (2024). The role of gender in shaping the destination service quality and its consequences. International Journal of Tourism Research, 26(4), e2701. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2701

Viet, B. N., Dang, H. P., & Nguyen, H. H. (2020). Revisit intention and satisfaction: The role of destination image, perceived risk, and cultural contact. Cogent Business and Management, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1796249

Weingarten, E., & Goodman, J. K. (2021). Re-examining the experiential advantage in consumption: A meta-analysis and review. Journal of Consumer Research, 47(6), 855–877. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucaa047

Wijaya, S., King, B., Morrison, A., & Nguyen, T. H. (2017). Destination encounters with local food: The experience of international visitors in Indonesia. Tourism Culture & Communication, 17(2), 79-91. https://doi.org/10.3727/109830417X14966810027526

Williams, H. A., Yuan, J., & Williams Jr, R. L. (2019). Attributes of memorable gastro-tourists’ experiences. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 43(3), 327-348. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348018804621

Yang, S., Liu, Y., & Xu, L. (2024). The effect of food tourism experiences on tourists’ subjective well-being. Heliyon, 10(3), e25482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25482

Yin, Z., Huang, A., & Wang, J. (2023). Memorable tourism experiences’ formation mechanism in cultural creative tourism: From the perspective of embodied cognition. Sustainability, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054055

Zhang, H., Wu, Y., & Buhalis, D. (2018). A model of perceived image, memorable tourism experiences and revisit intention. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 8, 326–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.06.004

Zhang, T., Chen, J., & Hu, B. (2019). Authenticity, quality, and loyalty: Local food and sustainable tourism experience. Sustainability, 11(12), 3437. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11123437

Zhang, Y., & Ha, H. Y. (2023). Do consumers really value all destination attributes equally over time? The dynamic nature of individual-level attributes and their outcomes. Current Issues in Tourism, 26(15), 2467-2478. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2022.2088338

Zhou, G., Chen, W., & Wu, Y. (2022). Research on the effect of authenticity on revisit intention in heritage tourism. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.883380

Zhu, Y., Zhu, L., & Weng, L. (2024). How do tourists’ value perceptions of food experiences influence their perceived destination image and revisit intention? A moderated mediation model. Foods, 13(3), 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13030412

Downloads

Published

2025-10-09

How to Cite

Hurdawaty, R., Dahana, W. D., & Farradia, Y. (2025). Tourists’ demographics and consumer behavior: Unveiling differences in culinary tourism. Jurnal Fokus Manajemen Bisnis, 15(2), 427–449. https://doi.org/10.12928/fokus.v15i2.14180

Issue

Section

Articles