Albumin Description of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) Patients in Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12928/admj.v2i1.4086Keywords:
Albumin profile, quality of life, CAPD, Cross sectionalAbstract
Albumin profile is an important sign of nutritional status as a quality-of life parameter, whereas hypoalbuminemia has been shown to be associated with a high mortality rate for patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) undergoing dialysis including CAPD. The study was conducted to determine serum albumin levels in patients with ESRD undergoing CAPD therapy. The study was conducted in a cross-sectional manner on ESRD patients who were still actively undergoing CAPD in the outpatient Installation of Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta until November 2018. Subjects were examined for serum albumin levels. There were 57 research subjects with the category of albumin levels <3.5 g / dL as many as 19 (33.3%), between 3.5-4.0 g / dL as many as 27 (47.3%) and albumin levels> 4.0 g / dL of 11 (19.3%). There were no significant differences in all age groups, BMI and duration of CAPD. Albumin profile can be an independent parameter of quality of life and even a predictor of mortality in CAPD patients because it does not depend on age group, BMI and length of CAPD
References
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Anand, S. et al. (2017) ‘Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and risk factors for its progression: A cross-sectional comparison of Indians living in Indian versus U.S. cities’, PLoS ONE, 12(3), pp. 1–14. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173554.
Balafa, A. et al. (2011) ‘Peritoneal Albumin and Protein Loses Do Not Predict Outcome in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients’, Clin J Am Soc Nehphrol, 6(3), pp. 561–566.
Bandiiara, R. et al. (2012) ‘Annual Report of Indonesian Renal Registry’.
Brazil, I. (1996) ‘R eview A rticle | A rtigo de R evisão Metabolic acidosis in hemodialysis patients : a review’, pp. 305–311. doi: 10.5935/0101-2800.20170053.
Busher, J. T. (2014) "Serum Albumin and Globulin "di dalam: ‘The Gastrointestinal System’. Springer Netherlands.
Cipriani, S. et al. (2013) ‘CKD epidemiology and risk factors’, Endometrial Cancer: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment. Elsevier Ltd, 1(4), pp. 1–16. doi: 10.1016/j.cqn.2012.09.004.
Cueto-manzano, A. M. et al. (1997) ‘Peritoneal Transport Kinetics Correlate With Serum Albumin But Not With the Overall Nutritional Status in CAPD Patients’, pp. 229–236.
Dhondup, T. et al. (2018) ‘Risk of ESRD and Mortality in Kidney and Bladder Stone Formers’, American Journal of Kidney Diseases. Elsevier Inc, 72(6), pp. 790–797. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.06.012.
Division, R. and Park, M. (2003) ‘Metabolic acidosis in maintenance dialysis patients : Clinical considerations’, 64, pp. 13–25. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.08802.x.
Eijkhout, H. W. (1999) ‘Blood, blood components, plasma, and plasma products’.
Flores, M. et al. (2017) ‘Prevalence and association of chronic kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperuricemia in an adult urban population of El Salvador’, NefrologÃa Latinoamericana. Sociedad Latinoamericana de NefrologÃa e Hipertensión, 14(4), pp. 137–143. doi: 10.1016/j.nefrol.2017.09.001.
Gama-axelsson, T. et al. (2012) ‘Serum Albumin as Predictor of Nutritional Status in Patients with ESRD’, Clin J Am Soc Nehphrol, 7(6), pp. 1446–1454. doi: 10.2215/CJN.10251011.
Gelder, M. K. Van et al. (2018) ‘Albumin handling in different hemodialysis modalities REVIEW’, (July 2017), pp. 906–913. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfx191.
Grove, K. J. et al. (2018) ‘Imaging mass spectrometry reveals direct albumin fragmentation within the diabetic kidney’, Kidney International. Elsevier Inc, 94(2), pp. 292–302. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.01.040.
Guest, S. (2013) ‘Hypoalbuminemia in peritoneal dialysis patients’, Adv Perit Dial, 29, pp. 55–60.
Herselman, M. et al. (2010) ‘Relationship between serum protein and mortality in adults on long-term hemodialysis : Exhaustive review and meta-analysis’, Nutrition. Elsevier Ltd, 26(1), pp. 10–32. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.07.009.
Ifer, T. R. B. P. et al. (2002) ‘Mortality risk in hemodialysis patients and changes in nutritional indicators : DOPPS’, 62, pp. 2238–2245. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00658.x.
Iktzler, T. A. L. P. et al. (1994) ‘Amino acid and albumin losses during hemodialysis’, Kidney International. Elsevier Masson SAS, 46(3), pp. 830–837. doi: 10.1038/ki.1994.339.
Inker, L. A. and Heerspink, H. L. (2018) ‘Evaluation of Surrogate End Points for Progression to ESKD: Necessary and Challenging’, American Journal of Kidney Diseases. National Kidney Foundation, Inc., 72(6), pp. 771–773. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.08.017.
Joseph, R. et al. (1996) ‘Comparison of Methods for Measuring Albumin in Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis Patients’, 27(4), pp. 566–572.
Kidney International Supplement (2013) Chapter 1: Definition and classification of CKD, Kidney International Supplements. doi: 10.1038/kisup.2012.64.
Kim, H. and Han, S. (2007) ‘Metabolic Acidosis in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients : Clinical Impact and Intervention’, pp. 42–46.
Kim, S. B. et al. (1999) ‘Association of Serum Albumin With Plasma’, 33(2), pp. 312–317.
Laura, A. et al. (2020) ‘Clinica Chimica Acta The usefulness of glycated albumin for post-transplantation diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation : A diagnostic accuracy study’, Clinica Chimica Acta. Elsevier, 510(July), pp. 330–336. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.045.
Levin, N. W. and Kotanko, P. (2006) ‘Improving Albumin Levels Among Hemodialysis Patients’, American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 48(1), pp. 171–173. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.04.084.
Lin, C. et al. (2019) ‘Urine Albumin Creatinine Ratio May Predict Graft Function After Kidney Transplant’, Transplantation Proceedings. Elsevier Inc., 51(5), pp. 1331–1336. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.03.015.
Mencarelli, F., Busutti, M. and Montini, G. (2015) ‘Chronic kidney disease’, Pediatric Urology: Contemporary Strategies from Fetal Life to Adolescence, pp. 353–363. doi: 10.1007/978-88-470-5693-0_29.
Muhammed, G., Kibria, A. and Crispen, R. (2020) ‘Prevalence and trends of chronic kidney disease and its risk factors among US adults : An analysis of NHANES 2003-18’, Preventive Medicine Reports. Elsevier, 20(September), p. 101193. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101193.
Nababan, E. S. (2017) Gambaran Albumin Serum Pada Penderita Gagal Ginjal Kronik yang Dirawat di Rumah Sakit Imelda Pekerja Indonesia Tahun 2017. Universitas Medan Area, Medan.
El Nahas, A. M. and Bello, A. K. (2005) ‘Chronic kidney disease: The global challenge’, Lancet, 365(9456), pp. 331–340. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17789-7.
Naini, A. E. et al. (2016) ‘Comparison of malnutrition in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients and its relationship with echocardiographic findings’, pp. 121–124. doi: 10.4103/1735-1995.189695.
Napierala, M. et al. (2019) ‘Pharmacological Reports The in fl uence of tobacco smoke exposure on selected markers of oxidative stress , kidneys and liver function in the serum of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes’, Pharmacological Reports. Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 71(6), pp. 1293–1298. doi: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.07.012.
National Kidney Foundation (2002) Clinical practice guidelines. New York: National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
Noble, R. and Taal, M. W. (2019) ‘Epidemiology and causes of chronic kidney disease’, Medicine (United Kingdom). Elsevier Ltd, 47(9), pp. 562–566. doi: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2019.06.010.
Of, I. et al. (2004) ‘Inclusion of albumin as a target in therapy guidelines : Guidelines for chronic kidney disease’, 66, pp. 121–123. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.09230.x.
Pifer, R., Cullough, K., Port, F. and Goodkin, Dadvid A G (2002) ‘Mortality risk in hemodialysis patients and changes in nutritional indicators : DOPPS’, 62, pp. 2238–2245. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00658.x.
Pifer, R., Cullough, K., Port, F. and Goodkin, David A G (2002) ‘Mortality risk in hemodialysis patients and changes in nutritional indicators : DOPPS’, 62, pp. 2238–2245. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00658.x.
Polonsky, T. S. and Bakris, G. L. (2019) ‘Heart Failure and Changes in Kidney Function: Focus on Understanding, Not Reacting’, Heart Failure Clinics, 15(4), pp. 455–461. doi: 10.1016/j.hfc.2019.06.006.
Pu, L. et al. (2020) ‘Prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among chronic kidney disease patients in China: Results from the Chinese Cohort Study of Chronic Kidney Disease (C-STRIDE)’, Journal of Psychosomatic Research. Elsevier, 128(June 2019), p. 109869. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.109869.
Putri, T. D., Mongan, A. E. and Memah, M. F. (2016) ‘Gambaran kadar albumin serum pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5 non dialisis’, Journal e-Biomedik, 4(1), pp. 173–177.
Rihiantoro, T. and Karang, P. T. (2013) ‘PENINGKATAN KADAR ALBUMIN PADA PASIEN’.
Sezer, S., Tutal, E. and Haberal, M. (2005) ‘Peritoneal Transport Status Influence on Atherosclerosis / Inflammation in CAPD’, 15(4), pp. 427–434. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2005.07.007.
Sridhar, N. R. and Josyula, S. (2013) ‘Hypoalbuminemia in hemodialyzed end stage renal disease patients : risk factors and relationships - a 2 year single center study’.
Sun, J. et al. (2020) ‘Association between serum albumin level and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: A retrospective cohort study’, The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. Elsevier Inc. doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.07.020.
Swartzendruber, B. D. (2020) ‘What Is Albumin ?’, pp. 1–2.
Szeto Cheuk, C. et al. (2000) ‘Importance of dialysis adequacy in mortality and morbidity of Chinese CAPD patients’, Kidney International, 58, pp. 400–407.
Tanaka, R. et al. (2020) ‘Changes in redox state of albumin before and after kidney transplantation in patients with end-stage renal disease’, Clinical Biochemistry. Elsevier, (January), pp. 0–1. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2020.04.010.
Tayyab, S. and Rizal, S. (2021) Serum albumin : clinical signi fi cance of drug binding and development as drug delivery vehicle, Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology. Elsevier Ltd. doi: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2020.08.003.
Thomas, R., Kanso, A. and Sedor, J. R. (2008) ‘Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Complications’, Primary Care - Clinics in Office Practice, 35(2), pp. 329–344. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2008.01.008.
Tortorelli, A., Fanelli, F. R. and Luciani, G. (2005) ‘REVIEWS Malnutrition in Hemodialysis Patients : What Therapy ?’, 46(3), pp. 371–386. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2005.05.031.
Tortorici, A. R. B. et al. (2020) ‘Serum albumin is incrementally associated with increased mortality across varying levels of kidney function’, Nutrition. Elsevier Inc., 79–80, p. 110818. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110818.
Ustace, J. O. A. E. et al. (2004a) ‘Prevalence of acidosis and inflammation and their association with low serum albumin in chronic kidney disease’, 65, pp. 1031–1040.
Ustace, J. O. A. E. et al. (2004b) ‘Prevalence of acidosis and inflammation and their association with low serum albumin in chronic kidney disease’, 65, pp. 1031–1040. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00481.x.
Vasconcelos, D. P. et al. (2014) ‘Metabolic Acidosis Components in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease : Association With Serum Albumin and Parathyroid Hormone’, pp. 1–5. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2014.08.009.
Widiyatmoko, A. (2009) ‘Kadar Albumin dan Perbedaan Kualitas Hidup Penderita Gagal Ginjal Terminal Saat Menjalani Hemodialisis dan Setelah Pindah Ke Dialisis Peritoneal Mandiri Berkesinambungan di RS Dr . Sardjito Yogyakarta’, Mutiara Medika, 9(2), pp. 1–6.
Wu, P., Wu, V. and Tarng, D. (2014) ‘ScienceDirect Chronic kidney disease in Taiwan ’ s aging population : Something far more than a distant ship ’ s smoke on the horizon’, Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. Elsevier Taiwan LLC, pp. 2–3. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2014.03.013.
Yang, W. S. et al. (1997) ‘Effect of Increasing Serum Albumin on Serum Lipoprotein(a) Concentration in Patients Receiving CAPD’, pp. 507–513.
Yulianti, M., Kresnawan, T. and Harimurti, K. (2015) ‘Faktor-faktor yang Berkorelasi dengan Status Nutrisi pada Pasien Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ( CAPD )’, 2(1), pp. 2–8.
Amaral, S. et al. (2015) ‘Serum Albumin Level and Risk for Mortality and Hospitalization in Adolescents on Hemodialysis’. doi: 10.2215/CJN.02720707.
Anand, S. et al. (2017) ‘Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and risk factors for its progression: A cross-sectional comparison of Indians living in Indian versus U.S. cities’, PLoS ONE, 12(3), pp. 1–14. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173554.
Balafa, A. et al. (2011) ‘Peritoneal Albumin and Protein Loses Do Not Predict Outcome in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients’, Clin J Am Soc Nehphrol, 6(3), pp. 561–566.
Bandiiara, R. et al. (2012) ‘Annual Report of Indonesian Renal Registry’.
Brazil, I. (1996) ‘R eview A rticle | A rtigo de R evisão Metabolic acidosis in hemodialysis patients : a review’, pp. 305–311. doi: 10.5935/0101-2800.20170053.
Busher, J. T. (2014) "Serum Albumin and Globulin "di dalam: ‘The Gastrointestinal System’. Springer Netherlands.
Cipriani, S. et al. (2013) ‘CKD epidemiology and risk factors’, Endometrial Cancer: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment. Elsevier Ltd, 1(4), pp. 1–16. doi: 10.1016/j.cqn.2012.09.004.
Cueto-manzano, A. M. et al. (1997) ‘Peritoneal Transport Kinetics Correlate With Serum Albumin But Not With the Overall Nutritional Status in CAPD Patients’, pp. 229–236.
Dhondup, T. et al. (2018) ‘Risk of ESRD and Mortality in Kidney and Bladder Stone Formers’, American Journal of Kidney Diseases. Elsevier Inc, 72(6), pp. 790–797. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.06.012.
Division, R. and Park, M. (2003) ‘Metabolic acidosis in maintenance dialysis patients : Clinical considerations’, 64, pp. 13–25. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.08802.x.
Eijkhout, H. W. (1999) ‘Blood, blood components, plasma, and plasma products’.
Flores, M. et al. (2017) ‘Prevalence and association of chronic kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperuricemia in an adult urban population of El Salvador’, NefrologÃa Latinoamericana. Sociedad Latinoamericana de NefrologÃa e Hipertensión, 14(4), pp. 137–143. doi: 10.1016/j.nefrol.2017.09.001.
Gama-axelsson, T. et al. (2012) ‘Serum Albumin as Predictor of Nutritional Status in Patients with ESRD’, Clin J Am Soc Nehphrol, 7(6), pp. 1446–1454. doi: 10.2215/CJN.10251011.
Gelder, M. K. Van et al. (2018) ‘Albumin handling in different hemodialysis modalities REVIEW’, (July 2017), pp. 906–913. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfx191.
Grove, K. J. et al. (2018) ‘Imaging mass spectrometry reveals direct albumin fragmentation within the diabetic kidney’, Kidney International. Elsevier Inc, 94(2), pp. 292–302. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.01.040.
Guest, S. (2013) ‘Hypoalbuminemia in peritoneal dialysis patients’, Adv Perit Dial, 29, pp. 55–60.
Herselman, M. et al. (2010) ‘Relationship between serum protein and mortality in adults on long-term hemodialysis : Exhaustive review and meta-analysis’, Nutrition. Elsevier Ltd, 26(1), pp. 10–32. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.07.009.
Ifer, T. R. B. P. et al. (2002) ‘Mortality risk in hemodialysis patients and changes in nutritional indicators : DOPPS’, 62, pp. 2238–2245. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00658.x.
Iktzler, T. A. L. P. et al. (1994) ‘Amino acid and albumin losses during hemodialysis’, Kidney International. Elsevier Masson SAS, 46(3), pp. 830–837. doi: 10.1038/ki.1994.339.
Inker, L. A. and Heerspink, H. L. (2018) ‘Evaluation of Surrogate End Points for Progression to ESKD: Necessary and Challenging’, American Journal of Kidney Diseases. National Kidney Foundation, Inc., 72(6), pp. 771–773. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.08.017.
Joseph, R. et al. (1996) ‘Comparison of Methods for Measuring Albumin in Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis Patients’, 27(4), pp. 566–572.
Kidney International Supplement (2013) Chapter 1: Definition and classification of CKD, Kidney International Supplements. doi: 10.1038/kisup.2012.64.
Kim, H. and Han, S. (2007) ‘Metabolic Acidosis in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients : Clinical Impact and Intervention’, pp. 42–46.
Kim, S. B. et al. (1999) ‘Association of Serum Albumin With Plasma’, 33(2), pp. 312–317.
Laura, A. et al. (2020) ‘Clinica Chimica Acta The usefulness of glycated albumin for post-transplantation diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation : A diagnostic accuracy study’, Clinica Chimica Acta. Elsevier, 510(July), pp. 330–336. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.045.
Levin, N. W. and Kotanko, P. (2006) ‘Improving Albumin Levels Among Hemodialysis Patients’, American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 48(1), pp. 171–173. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.04.084.
Lin, C. et al. (2019) ‘Urine Albumin Creatinine Ratio May Predict Graft Function After Kidney Transplant’, Transplantation Proceedings. Elsevier Inc., 51(5), pp. 1331–1336. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.03.015.
Mencarelli, F., Busutti, M. and Montini, G. (2015) ‘Chronic kidney disease’, Pediatric Urology: Contemporary Strategies from Fetal Life to Adolescence, pp. 353–363. doi: 10.1007/978-88-470-5693-0_29.
Muhammed, G., Kibria, A. and Crispen, R. (2020) ‘Prevalence and trends of chronic kidney disease and its risk factors among US adults : An analysis of NHANES 2003-18’, Preventive Medicine Reports. Elsevier, 20(September), p. 101193. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101193.
Nababan, E. S. (2017) Gambaran Albumin Serum Pada Penderita Gagal Ginjal Kronik yang Dirawat di Rumah Sakit Imelda Pekerja Indonesia Tahun 2017. Universitas Medan Area, Medan.
El Nahas, A. M. and Bello, A. K. (2005) ‘Chronic kidney disease: The global challenge’, Lancet, 365(9456), pp. 331–340. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17789-7.
Naini, A. E. et al. (2016) ‘Comparison of malnutrition in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients and its relationship with echocardiographic findings’, pp. 121–124. doi: 10.4103/1735-1995.189695.
Napierala, M. et al. (2019) ‘Pharmacological Reports The in fl uence of tobacco smoke exposure on selected markers of oxidative stress , kidneys and liver function in the serum of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes’, Pharmacological Reports. Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 71(6), pp. 1293–1298. doi: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.07.012.
National Kidney Foundation (2002) Clinical practice guidelines. New York: National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
Noble, R. and Taal, M. W. (2019) ‘Epidemiology and causes of chronic kidney disease’, Medicine (United Kingdom). Elsevier Ltd, 47(9), pp. 562–566. doi: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2019.06.010.
Of, I. et al. (2004) ‘Inclusion of albumin as a target in therapy guidelines : Guidelines for chronic kidney disease’, 66, pp. 121–123. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.09230.x.
Pifer, R., Cullough, K., Port, F. and Goodkin, Dadvid A G (2002) ‘Mortality risk in hemodialysis patients and changes in nutritional indicators : DOPPS’, 62, pp. 2238–2245. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00658.x.
Pifer, R., Cullough, K., Port, F. and Goodkin, David A G (2002) ‘Mortality risk in hemodialysis patients and changes in nutritional indicators : DOPPS’, 62, pp. 2238–2245. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00658.x.
Polonsky, T. S. and Bakris, G. L. (2019) ‘Heart Failure and Changes in Kidney Function: Focus on Understanding, Not Reacting’, Heart Failure Clinics, 15(4), pp. 455–461. doi: 10.1016/j.hfc.2019.06.006.
Pu, L. et al. (2020) ‘Prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among chronic kidney disease patients in China: Results from the Chinese Cohort Study of Chronic Kidney Disease (C-STRIDE)’, Journal of Psychosomatic Research. Elsevier, 128(June 2019), p. 109869. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.109869.
Putri, T. D., Mongan, A. E. and Memah, M. F. (2016) ‘Gambaran kadar albumin serum pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5 non dialisis’, Journal e-Biomedik, 4(1), pp. 173–177.
Rihiantoro, T. and Karang, P. T. (2013) ‘PENINGKATAN KADAR ALBUMIN PADA PASIEN’.
Sezer, S., Tutal, E. and Haberal, M. (2005) ‘Peritoneal Transport Status Influence on Atherosclerosis / Inflammation in CAPD’, 15(4), pp. 427–434. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2005.07.007.
Sridhar, N. R. and Josyula, S. (2013) ‘Hypoalbuminemia in hemodialyzed end stage renal disease patients : risk factors and relationships - a 2 year single center study’.
Sun, J. et al. (2020) ‘Association between serum albumin level and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: A retrospective cohort study’, The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. Elsevier Inc. doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.07.020.
Swartzendruber, B. D. (2020) ‘What Is Albumin ?’, pp. 1–2.
Szeto Cheuk, C. et al. (2000) ‘Importance of dialysis adequacy in mortality and morbidity of Chinese CAPD patients’, Kidney International, 58, pp. 400–407.
Tanaka, R. et al. (2020) ‘Changes in redox state of albumin before and after kidney transplantation in patients with end-stage renal disease’, Clinical Biochemistry. Elsevier, (January), pp. 0–1. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2020.04.010.
Tayyab, S. and Rizal, S. (2021) Serum albumin : clinical signi fi cance of drug binding and development as drug delivery vehicle, Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology. Elsevier Ltd. doi: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2020.08.003.
Thomas, R., Kanso, A. and Sedor, J. R. (2008) ‘Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Complications’, Primary Care - Clinics in Office Practice, 35(2), pp. 329–344. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2008.01.008.
Tortorelli, A., Fanelli, F. R. and Luciani, G. (2005) ‘REVIEWS Malnutrition in Hemodialysis Patients : What Therapy ?’, 46(3), pp. 371–386. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2005.05.031.
Tortorici, A. R. B. et al. (2020) ‘Serum albumin is incrementally associated with increased mortality across varying levels of kidney function’, Nutrition. Elsevier Inc., 79–80, p. 110818. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110818.
Ustace, J. O. A. E. et al. (2004a) ‘Prevalence of acidosis and inflammation and their association with low serum albumin in chronic kidney disease’, 65, pp. 1031–1040.
Ustace, J. O. A. E. et al. (2004b) ‘Prevalence of acidosis and inflammation and their association with low serum albumin in chronic kidney disease’, 65, pp. 1031–1040. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00481.x.
Vasconcelos, D. P. et al. (2014) ‘Metabolic Acidosis Components in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease : Association With Serum Albumin and Parathyroid Hormone’, pp. 1–5. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2014.08.009.
Widiyatmoko, A. (2009) ‘Kadar Albumin dan Perbedaan Kualitas Hidup Penderita Gagal Ginjal Terminal Saat Menjalani Hemodialisis dan Setelah Pindah Ke Dialisis Peritoneal Mandiri Berkesinambungan di RS Dr . Sardjito Yogyakarta’, Mutiara Medika, 9(2), pp. 1–6.
Wu, P., Wu, V. and Tarng, D. (2014) ‘ScienceDirect Chronic kidney disease in Taiwan ’ s aging population : Something far more than a distant ship ’ s smoke on the horizon’, Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. Elsevier Taiwan LLC, pp. 2–3. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2014.03.013.
Yang, W. S. et al. (1997) ‘Effect of Increasing Serum Albumin on Serum Lipoprotein(a) Concentration in Patients Receiving CAPD’, pp. 507–513.
Yulianti, M., Kresnawan, T. and Harimurti, K. (2015) ‘Faktor-faktor yang Berkorelasi dengan Status Nutrisi pada Pasien Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ( CAPD )’, 2(1), pp. 2–8.
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2021-12-29
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Purwanto, B., Yuniasih, D., & Puspitasari, M. (2021). Albumin Description of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) Patients in Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta. Ahmad Dahlan Medical Journal, 2(1), 10–18. https://doi.org/10.12928/admj.v2i1.4086
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