Transformational leadership: a qualitative study from waqf institutions in malaysia

Jabran Jasni; Sharfizie Mohd Sharip; Dalila Daud; Sara Ibrahim; Azurah Kamdari

doi:10.26555/ijish.v6i1.7659

Authors

Jabran Jasni Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Rembau, Malaysia
Sharfizie Mohd Sharip Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Rembau, Malaysia
Dalila Daud Faculty of Accountancy Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Negeri Sembilan Kampus Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Sara Ibrahim Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Rembau, Malaysia
Azurah Kamdari Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Rembau, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26555/ijish.v6i1.7659

Keywords:

Transformational Leadership, Waqf, Islamic Leader, Qualitative

Abstract

This study entails an exploratory investigation of transformative leadership in the context of waqf institutions. In analysing the transformational leadership style, the study interviewed the heads of the State Islamic Religious Councils in charge of waqf institutions in Malaysia. The best practices in the two waqf institutions were found to fall under four areas related to transformational leadership: idealised influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualised consideration. The four categories were generated from three sub-categories, bringing the overall total to 12 sub-categories. The findings demonstrate the applicability of transformational leadership in waqf institutions, where it fosters employee inspiration, contentment, and creativity. In addition, this study adds to the body of knowledge as there are not many previous investigations on transformational leadership in the setting of waqf institutions. Waqf sector leaders can use this study's practical application to comprehend, apply, practice and evaluate transformational leadership in accomplishing the objectives of their respective waqf institutions.

References

Abbas, D., & Tan, C. (2020). Transformational Islamic Leadership. In Transformational Islamic leadership: A case study from Singapore (pp. 76–91). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8528-2.ch005

Abdullah, A. G. K., Ling, Y.-L., & Sufi, S. B. (2018). Principal transformational leadership and teachers’ motivation. Asian Education Studies, 3(1), 36.

Aboramadan, M., & Dahleez, K. A. (2020). Leadership styles and employees’ work outcomes in nonprofit organizations: the role of work engagement. Journal of Management Development, 39(7/8), 869–893. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-12-2019-0499

Abu Talib, N. Y., Abdul Latiff, R., Aman, A., & Palil, M. R. (2018). An Exploratory Study of Accounting and Reporting Practice for Waqf Among State Islamic Religious Councils in Malaysia. International Journal of Islamic Thought, 13(1), 90–104. https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.06.2018.009

Adriansyah, A., & Wiranto, B. (2018). Impact of Learning Culture, Transformational Leadership and Motivation Language on Gen Y’s Employee Job Satisfaction: Case Study on a Islamic Banking. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen & Ekonomika, 10(1), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.35384/jime.v10i1.60

Ahmad, A. B., & Cheng, Z. (2018). The Role of Change Content, Context, Process, and Leadership in Understanding Employees’ Commitment to Change: The Case of Public Organizations in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Public Personnel Management, 47(2), 195–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026017753645

Ahmad, M., & Rochimah, H. (2021). Improving teaching effectiveness through transformational leadership and integrity. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 10(4), 1316–1324. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i4.21801

Aini, N. K., Nasir, M. R., & Hilmy, M. (2021). Transformational leadership of nyai–case study in roudlotun nasyiin islamic boarding school. JWEE, 1-2, 164–173.

Arshad, R., & Mohd Zain, N. (2017). Performance Measurement and Accountability of WAQF Institutions in Malaysia. In M. Y. Jaaffar, A. Abdullah Sani, & A. Muhammad (Eds.), SHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 36, p. 00005). https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20173600005

Azizaha, Y. N., Rijalb, M. K., Rumainurc, U. N. R., Pranajayae, S. A., Ngiuf, Z., Mufidg, A., Purwantoh, A., & Maui, D. H. (2020). Transformational or transactional leadership style: which affects work satisfaction and performance of Islamic university lecturers during COVID-19 pandemic. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(7), 577–588.

Bass, B. M., & Bass Bernard, M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. Free press New York.

Boerner, S., Eisenbeiss, S. A., & Griesser, D. (2007). Follower Behavior and Organizational Performance: The Impact of Transformational Leaders. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 13(3), 15–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/10717919070130030201

Burns, J. M. (2012). Leadership. Open Road Media.

Chancey, J. B., Hong, J. Y., & Heddy, B. C. (2019). Transformative Experience in Buddhism: A Case Study. Journal of Transformative Learning, 6(2), 27–38.

Daud, D. (2018). Insight into the reasons for the lack of Waqf reporting. Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research, 6(3), 48–58. https://doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v6i3.8787

Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2000). The discipline and practice of qualitative research. Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2(1), 1–20.

Din, M. U., Khan, F., Kadarningsih, A., Ali, A., & Astuti, S. D. (2019). The Moderating Role of Employee Empowerment and Distributive Justice in Transformational Leadership with Its Impact on Organizational Commitment in Islamic Banks at Pakistan. Perisai : Islamic Banking and Finance Journal, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.21070/perisai.v3i2.2671

Dooley, L. M. (2002). Case Study Research and Theory Building. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 4(3), 335–354. https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422302043007

Dunn, Y. G. (2014). Characteristics of successful minority female police supervisors within a large urban midwest police department. UniversitySchool of Graduate and Continuing Studies.

Epitropaki, O., & Martin, R. (2004). Implicit Leadership Theories in Applied Settings: Factor Structure, Generalizability, and Stability Over Time. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(2), 293–310. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.2.293

Falah, S. (2021). Enhancing Organizational Commitment through Islamic Organizational Culture and Islamic Work Ethic in Modern Pesantren: The Role of Kyai’s Transformational Leadership. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(6), 4994–5008.

Fitriyah, D., Sukmawati, S., & Chiar, M. (2019). The Effect of The Principal’s Transformational Leadership and Work Motivation Toward Service Quality to Teachers of Private Islamic Junior High School (MTs) in Pontianak. JETL (Journal Of Education, Teaching and Learning), 4(1), 149–156. https://doi.org/10.26737/jetl.v4i1.986

Galletta, A. (2020). Mastering the Semi-Structured Interview and Beyond. New York University Press. https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814732939.001.0001

Hafidz, Y. A. N., Wiyono, B. B., Imron, A., & Suriansyah, A. (2019). Transformational leadership characterized basic principal of islam in the city of Banjarmasin Indonesia. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 5(4), 742–763.

Hambali, M., & Idris, I. (2020). Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture, Quality Assurance, and Organizational Performance: Case Study in Islamic Higher Education Institutions (IHEIS). Journal of Applied Management (JAM), 18(3), 572–587. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2020.018.03.18

Hanafi, A., Wahab, Z., & Cahyadi, A. (2020). Transactional Leadership and Transformational Leadership, Their Impacts on Job Satisfaction: Islamic Banking in South Sumatra. Proceedings of the 5th Sriwijaya Economics, Accounting, and Business Conference (SEABC 2019), 133–140. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200520.023

Harmen, H., Suryana, Y., Kusman, M., & Soemaryani, I. (2018). Transformational leadership and working ethics of islam towards organizational commitment (survey on Islamic banks in Banda Aceh). International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research, 3(1), 446–459.

Hasan, R., & Siraj, S. A. (2017). Toward Developing a Model of Stakeholder Trust in Waqf Institutions. Islamic Economic Studies, 25(Special Issue), 85–109. https://doi.org/10.12816/0036187

Hati, S. R. H., & Idris, A. (2019). The role of leader vs organisational credibility in Islamic social enterprise marketing communication. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 10(4), 1128–1150. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-02-2017-0018

Hendijani Fard, M., Asadi Damavandi, A., Mahdilouytazehkandi, A., & Asharin, M. (2021). Leadership and followers’ organizational citizenship behaviour from the Islamic perspective (OCBIP). Journal of Islamic Marketing, 12(6), 1124–1144. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-02-2019-0036

Ibrahim, A. S., Abdussamad, Z., & Hanafi, H. (2020). The Effects of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Climate on the Performance of Employees at Paud Islam Terpadu Al Ishlah Gorontalo. Public Policy Journal, 1(1), 56–66. https://doi.org/10.37905/ppj.v1i1.375

Iman, A. H. M., & Mohammad, M. T. S. H. (2017). Waqf as a framework for entrepreneurship. Humanomics, 33(4), 419–440. https://doi.org/10.1108/H-01-2017-0015

Isamail, M. Z., Rosele, M. I., & Ramli, M. A. (2015). Pemerkasaan wakaf di Malaysia: satu sorotan. Labuan E-Journal of Muamalat and Society (LJMS), 9, 1–13.

Jasni, J., & Sharip, S. M. (2022). A Review of Islamic Leadership’s Effectiveness in Islamic-Based Institutions. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(9). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v12-i9/15151

Javed, S., Malik, A., & Alharbi, M. M. H. (2020). The relevance of leadership styles and Islamic work ethics in managerial effectiveness. PSU Research Review, 4(3), 189–207. https://doi.org/10.1108/PRR-03-2019-0007

Kamaruddin, M. I. H., Masruki, R., & Hanefah, M. M. (2019). Financial and Non-Financial Disclosure Practices in Selected Awqaf Institutions. International Journal of Nusantara Islam, 6(1), 52–72. https://doi.org/10.15575/ijni.v6i1.1929

Kellerman, B., & Rhode, D. L. (2007). Women and leadership: The state of play and strategies for change (Vol. 141). Jossey-Bass.

Khoiri, N., Patoni, A., & Tanzeh, A. (2022). Kiai’s Transformational Leadership in Policy Making for Realizing the Quality of Islamic Boarding Schools. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 31, 508–521. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v31i1.6133

Knowles, M. S., Holton III, E. F., & Swanson, R. A. (2014). The Adult Learner. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315816951

Kolomboy, F., Palutturi, S., Rivai, F., Saleh, L. M., Masudin, M., & Amiruddin, R. (2021). Spiritual-Based Transformational Leadership Style at Anutapura Regional General Hospital, Palu. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 9(E), 524–529. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6119

Kvale, S. (1996). The 1,000-Page Question. Qualitative Inquiry, 2(3), 275–284. https://doi.org/10.1177/107780049600200302

Lu, L., & Gilmour, R. (2006). Individual-oriented and socially oriented cultural conceptions of subjective well-being: Conceptual analysis and scale development. Asian Journal Of Social Psychology, 9(1), 36–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839X.2006.00183.x

Lubis, F. R. A. (2022). The Influence of Transformational Leadership, Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance With Job Satisfaction as Moderation at the Fajrul Iman Islamic Boarding School Patumbak Deli Serdang, North Sumatra. Jurnal Mantik, 6(2), 1405–1411.

Mahmood, C., Hamzah, N. H., & Wan Mohd, W. N. H. (2017). Waqf: aporverty alleviation tool in Malaysia. Gading Journal For The Social Sciences, 20(2), 13–20.

Mahmood, R. H., Mustaffha, N., Hameed, L. B. M., & Johari, N. (2017). Pengurusan wakaf di Malaysia: Isu dan cabaran. Proceeding of the 4th International Conference on Management and Muamalah, 2017(9), 43–51.

Mansor, N., Jamil, A., & Bahari, A. (2017). Integrated waqf reporting system. International Journal of Accounting, Finance and Business, 2(6), 155–166.

Masrohatin, S., & Tobing, D. S. K. (2019). Transformational leadership style, organizational culture, locus of control and its influence on the organizational citizenship of behavior employees: State Institute of Islamic Studies of Jember. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 8(06), 163–171.

McCracken, G. (1988). The Long Interview. SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412986229

Mendoza Diaz, N., Yoon, S. Y., & Richard, J. (2019). Board 105: Exploring Enculturation in the First-year Engineering Program (Year III). ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2--32174

Meraku, A. (2017). Role of Leadership in Organizational Effectiveness. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 5(11), 336–340. https://doi.org/10.18178/joebm.2017.5.11.535

Moey, S.-F., & Hashi, A. A. (2018). Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles in Enhancing Nurse Educator’s Job Satisfaction: An Integrative Analysis of Conventional and Islamic Approaches. IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 17(2), 319–332. https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v17i2.996

Mohammad Al-Khaldi, M. H., Irtemah, H., & Alhawari, S. F. (2020). The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Identification in Kuwaiti Islamic Banks. Modern Applied Science, 14(7), 111–119. https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v14n7p111

Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412995658

Mukhlisin, A., Ghozali, I., & Djastuti, I. (2021). Transformational Leadership and Collectivism in Distribution Market: A Study in Central Java – Indonesia. Quality - Access to Success, 22(185), 146–154. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/22.185.20

Mukhtar, R., & Anwar, K. (2019). The Effect of Transformational Leadership, Management Information System, and Organizational Climate on Lecturers’ Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 8(11), 288–299.

Noordin, N. H., Haron, S. N., & Kassim, S. (2017). Developing a comprehensive performance measurement system for waqf institutions. International Journal of Social Economics, 44(7), 921–936. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-09-2015-0257

Nurjanah, S., Pebianti, V., & Handaru, A. W. (2020). The influence of transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and organizational commitments on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in the inspectorate general of the Ministry of Education and Culture. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1793521.

Pounder, J. S. (2003). Employing transformational leadership to enhance the quality of management development instruction. Journal of Management Development, 22(1), 6–13. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710310454824

Pratama, H. R., Sunaryo, W., & Yusnita, N. (2020). Studying the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational culture with organizational commitment at Minhaj Shahabah Islamic Boarding School Bogor. JHSS (Journal of Humanities and Social Studies), 4(2), 146–151. https://doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v4i2.2461

Purwanto, A. (2020). Did transformational, transactional leadership style and organizational learning influence innovation capabilities of school teachers during covid-19 pandemic? Sys Rev Pharm, 11(9), 299–311.

Purwanto, A. (2021). The influence of leadership style on innovation capabilities of islamic school teachers in organizational learning perspective during covid-19 pandemic. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(7), 589–599.

Rianto, M. R., Jasfar, F., & Arafah, W. (2021). Mediating Effect of Organization Learning on the Relationship Between Strategic Change, Knowledge Management and Transformational Leadership ; Case of Indonesia Islamic Banks. Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People, 10(3), 26–49. https://doi.org/10.26458/jedep.v10i3.697

Risqina, R., Helpiastuti, S. B., & Sasongko, S. (2020). Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture at The Institute for Islam Studies Jember. The International Seminar Series on Regional Dynamics Proceeding, 2(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.19184/issrd.v2i1.17470

Rulitawati, R., Nawi, M. Z., Susanti, T., Yusup, M., Febriani, H., & Asvio, N. (2021). Transformational Leadership Of Integrated Islamic School Principal. At-Ta’lim: Media Informasi Pendidikan Islam, 20(2), 156–167.

Sabran, Ekowati, V. M., & Supriyanto, A. S. (2022a). The Interactive Effects of Leadership Styles on Counterproductive Work Behavior: An Examination Through Multiple Theoretical Lenses. Quality - Access to Success, 23(188), 145–153. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/23.188.21

Sabran, Ekowati, V. M., & Supriyanto, A. S. (2022b). The Interactive Effects of Leadership Styles on Counterproductive Work Behavior: An Examination Through Multiple Theoretical Lenses. Quality - Access to Success, 23(188), 145–153. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/23.188.21

Scarborough, T. O. (2010). Defining Christian transformational leadership. Conspectus: The Journal of the South African Theological Seminary, 10(1), 58–87.

Selamat, N., Nordin, N., & Adnan, A. A. (2013). Rekindle Teacher’s Organizational Commitment: The Effect of Transformational Leadership Behavior. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 90, 566–574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.07.127

Silva, A. (2016). Can Leaders of Public Companies Make Them Innovative? Journal of Leadership Studies, 10(1), 64–65. https://doi.org/10.1002/jls.21449

Spiggle, S. (1994). Analysis and Interpretation of Qualitative Data in Consumer Research. Journal of Consumer Research, 21(3), 491–503. https://doi.org/10.1086/209413

Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research techniques. Citeseer.

Subandi, Thoyib, M., Fauzan, A., & J. (2021). Pesantren-based Transformational Leadership: Strategies toward International Superior Madrasah in Indonesia. Webology, 18(SI05), 1023–1040. https://doi.org/10.14704/WEB/V18SI05/WEB18279

Suryadi, W. N., Kemal, I., & Suryana, A. (2022). Transformational Leadership: Classroom Management Innovation and The Quality of Islamic Religious Education Teacher Service in Elementary Schools in Kendari City. Specialusis Ugdymas, 1(43), 2535–2548.

Tanjung, B. N., Rahman, Y., Suryana, A. T., Sumar, W. T., Mufid, A., & Purwanto, A. (2020). The Influence of Transformational Leadership, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior on the Performance of Islamic School Teachers. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(7), 539–546.

Tantowi, A., Subhan, A., Romadon, S., & Rosidin, R. (2022). Mutual Relationship Management Between Teachers and Parents: Strategies for Improving Student Learning Outcomes. AL-TANZIM: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 6(3), 802–813. https://doi.org/10.33650/al-tanzim.v6i3.3643

Trmal, S. A., Bustamam, U. S. A., & Mohamed, Z. A. (2015). The effect of transformational leadership in achieving high performance workforce that exceeds organisational expectation: A study from a global and Islamic perspective. Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal, 7(2), 88–94.

Varghese, F. P., Nolan, J. N., Bihm, E. M., Salagame, K. K. K., Khanna, R., & Rasheed Ali, S. (2017). Transformational Leadership and Asian Indian Values: Duty, Selfless Service, and Nonviolence. The Counseling Psychologist, 45(6), 810–829. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000017723080

Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (Vol. 5). sage.

Yunus, J. N., Awang, M., & Mansor, M. (2019). Tingkahlaku kepimpinan transformasi di Sekolah Rendah Luar Bandar. EDUCATUM Journal of Social Sciences, 5(1), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.37134/ejoss.vol5.1.3.2019

Zakariyah, Y., Zakariyah, H., & Nor, A. M. (2021). Waqf Potentials as a Relief Tool During Covid-19 Lockdown in Lagos, Nigeria. In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems (pp. 1859–1869). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69221-6_134

Zaki, M. (2019). Memanfaat Tanah Wakaf. Harian Metro. https://www.hmetro.com.my/addin