Ahmad Dahlan Medical Journal

The Effect of Education using Comics on the Knowledge of Earthquake Mitigation of 4th Grade Students at Al-Azhar 16 Islamic Elementary School Cilacap

Fri, 31 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Indonesia is an archipelagic country situated on the Ring of Fire, which frequently experiences earthquakes. Cilacap Regency is ranked 456th nationally with a medium-risk classification in the Earthquake Disaster Risk Index for the year 2021. The impact of earthquakes depends on their type and magnitude, including on schools, with 52,902 schools located in earthquake-prone areas. During the 2018 NTB Earthquake, 1,235 schools experienced damage. Earthquakes can also occur while children are studying at school. Elementary schools are one of the foundations of the children's community. The group of elementary school children is a vulnerable group that needs protection and, at the same time, needs to enhance their knowledge of earthquake disaster mitigation. One enjoyable medium to educate elementary school children about earthquake disaster mitigation is through comics.To determine the influence of Education with Comic Media on the Knowledge of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation for 4th-grade students at SD Islam Al-Azhar 16 Cilacap, a research was conducted using a qualitative research method with a Pre Experimental design using the One Group Pretest-Posttest design. The sampling technique used in this study was total sampling, so all 78 members of the population were included as samples.Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed a Z-value of -6.941 and a significance value (p-value) of 0.000, at α = 0.05. This means that there is a significant difference in the average knowledge between before and after providing Education with Comic Media for Earthquake Disaster Mitigation.

The Relationship Between The Intensity Of Tahajud Prayer With Stress Levels On Ahmad Dahlan University Medical Faculty Students

Fri, 31 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Tahajud prayer is a night prayer that is performed when most people are fast asleep, in the last third of the night. Physiologically, human life has a diurnal circadian rhythm pattern. If this pattern is accompanied by the obligation to perform tahajud prayer, the circadian rhythm pattern can become nocturnal. As a result, the central nervous system undergoes behavioral changes aimed at adjusting to changes in circadian rhythms. Stress is a condition where a person's physical and psychological balance is disturbed due to a trigger and can hinder a person in carrying out their tasks. Through prayer, a person will feel close to the Creator, all tiredness, problems, burden of thoughts, and emotions, all of which are abandoned during prayer in a solemn manner. The purpose of this study is to analyze whether there is a relationship between the intensity of tahajud prayer and stress levels in students of the Faculty of Medicine, Ahmad Dahlan University Yogyakarta. The research method used in this study is an observational analytic quantitative method using a cross-sectional design. The research sample amounted to 153 students of the Faculty of Medicine, Ahmad Dahlan University. The research instruments were the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) questionnaire and the Tahajud Prayer Practice questionnaire. Statistical tests using the Rank-Spearman test found a p-value of 0.000 < α (0.05) with a correlation coefficient of -0.342 and the Kendall's Tau test found a p-value of 0.000 < α (0.05) with a correlation coefficient of -0.328 indicating moderate correlation strength. The conclusion of this study is that there is an inversely proportional relationship between the intensity of tahajud prayer and stress levels in Ahmad Dahlan University Faculty of Medicine students which means that the higher the intensity of tahajud prayer, the lower the stress level tends to be, and vice versa, if the intensity of tahajud prayer is lower, stress levels tend to be higher. Therefore, it is expected that students can increase the intensity of tahajud prayer in their daily lives to reduce stress levels.

Peri-Myocardial Infarction Pericarditis After Single Stent Early PCI on a STEMI Patient: A Rare Case of Outpatient in Urban Setting

Sidhi Laksono, Axel Jusuf — Tue, 18 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Peri-Myocardial Infarction Pericarditis (PMIP), can occur a few days following a myocardial infarction (MI). PMIP frequently exhibits the auscultatory findings of a pericardial friction rub and pericardial effusion. On the other hand, relatively little is known about the management approach. This study aims to report a patient with PMIP following successful revascularization via Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) for a recent MI. A 50-year-old male was brought to our Outpatient Clinic with chest pain of two days onset. The patient experienced radiating chest pain, cold sweat, heartburn, and general fatigue. ECG shows extensive anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and Troponin T was elevated >2000 ng/L. The patient underwent PCI with single stent deployment. Three days later, the patient experienced dyspnea with Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE) findings consistent with Early PMIP. The patient was discharged after completing full conservative therapy with good results. The clinical findings of PMIP alone may be subtle and go unnoticed. Clinicians should maintain a high level of suspicion in the era of revascularization and develop a strategic plan for timely diagnosis and management. While anti-inflammatory medical therapy is aimed at reducing inflammation and preventing recurrences and progression of the disease, further research is needed to establish prognostic significance and management strategy since clinically diagnosed PMIP has a benign and self-limiting nature.

The Correlation between Hemoglobin Level, Age, and Family History of Febrile Seizure with The Incidence of Febrile Seizure in Children

Wimakrifah Istiqomah, Tri Kartika Setyarini, Kanti Ratnaningrum — Fri, 31 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Febrile seizure is a seizure that occur when the body temperature increases and is caused by an extracranial process. There are several risk factors of febrile seizure, including hemoglobin level,-age,-and family history of febrile seizure. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between hemoglobin level, age, and family history of febrile seizure with the incidence of febrile seizure in 6-60 months children in Fatimah-Hospital-of Mother-and-Child-Lamongan. This study used a case-control design through retrospective approach based on data of children’s medical records in Fatimah-Hospital Lamongan from January-November 2021. The sample was selected by consecutive sampling method. Data analysis were using the chi-square test and continued with multiple logistic regression tests. The sample of this study was 80 children, consist of each 40 children as case and control group. Most of the febrile seizure occured in children with a low hemoglobin level (85%), in age of 6-24 months (82,4%), and have a family history of febrile seizure (65%). The result of the bivariate analysis showed that there was significant correlation between hemoglobin level (p = 0,022), age (p = 0,015), and family history of febrile seizure (p = 0,000) with the incidence of febrile seizure. The result of the multivariate analysis showed that the most influential variable is family history of febrile seizure (OR=13,670). There was significant correlation between hemoglobin level,-age,-and family history of febrile seizure with the incidence of febrile seizure. Family history was the most influences factor for the incidence of febrile seizure.

The Relationship Of Ear Picking Habits With The Incident Of Otitis Externa At Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital Semarang

Tue, 18 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Acute ear canal inflammation, or otitis externa, is brought on by bacterial, fungal, or viral infections. One of factor that cause inflammation of the outer ear is a change in the pH in the ear canal, which is usually normal or acidic. When the pH becomes alkaline, protection against infection decreases. Edema of the squamous epithelium can result from the picking habit's reduction of the protective layer. It can cause local trauma which causes bacteria to enter through the skin, inflate and cause exudate. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between ear picking habits and the incidence of otitis externa at Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital. This study uses a cross-sectional design and observational analysis. Using a purposive sampling technique, samples of all ENT polyclinic patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria between January 2019 and December 2020 at Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital in Semarang City, Central Java Province totaled roughly 36 individuals. The responders were asked to fill out a questionnaire. It has several questions that were utilized as study guidelines to gather research data and as note-taking tools. According to the findings, ear plucking and otitis externa were significantly correlated with a prevalence value of 0.000 <0.05. There is a significant relationship between the habit of picking the ears and otitis externa in ENT polyclinic patients, Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital, Semarang.

Validity and Reliability of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Questionnaire of Ear Care among Medical Workers

Tue, 18 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The auditory system is a vital and prominent component of human. It is imperative for individuals to prioritize the maintenance of this organ throughout their lives. These methods encompass the maintenance of ear cleanliness, safeguarding against excessive noise exposure, preventing accidents, and warding off ear infections and disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of knowledge, attitude, and practice about ear care among medical workers. This study uses a descriptive-analytic method with a cross-sectional design. The ear care questionnaire comprising of knowledge, attitude and practice translated and applicated for 45 participants, the validity test using Pearson’s correlation and reliability test evaluation determined by Cronbach’ s alpha. The ear care questionnaire Indonesian version found Pearson’s correlation of all items r above 0.35 or strongly valid, and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.749 (adequate). Indonesian version of knowledge, attitude, and practice about ear care is valid and reliable, the result of assessment can indicate the needed of public awareness through education and health promotion.

Characteristics of Schizophrenia Patients at Kasihan II Bantul Public Health Center in 2022

Dinda Ian Elistiana, Windy Aristiani, Adnan, Dewi Yuniasih — Fri, 31 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Mental health problems are still a significant problem throughout the world. Schizophrenia is a form of chronic mental disorder that affects a person's ability to think, behave, manage emotions and interact with other people. Sociodemographic factors in individuals can be one of the risk factors for someone experiencing mental disorders, including schizophrenia. Therefore, knowing the sociodemographic factors of schizophrenia patients can be a way of early detection and preventive measures against the high rate of schizophrenia recurrence. This study aimed to determine the sociodemographic characteristics of schizophrenia patients at Kasihan II Bantul Public Health Center. This research is quantitative research with a descriptive observational research design. Data collection was carried out retrospectively using medical record data from 91 schizophrenia patients at Kasihan II Bantul Public Health Center in 2022. Sociodemographic data was taken and analyzed by presenting the results using frequency and proportion distribution tables. The results of the study showed that the incidence of schizophrenia at Kasihan II Bantul Public Health Center occurred most frequently in the adult age group as many as 79 subjects (86.8%), 57 subjects (62.6%) were males, 37 subjects (48.4%) had secondary education, 65 subjects (71.4%) had jobs, and 51 subjects (56%) were unmarried.

Relationship Between Attitude and Knowledge of the Behavior of Scabies Patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Delanggu Hospital

Tue, 18 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Scabies is a skin condition caused by Sarcoptes scabiei variant hominis infestation. Scabies risk factors include a person's
education and attitude toward personal and environmental hygiene. This study aims to investigate the relationship between
attitudes and knowledge of the behavior of scabies patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Delanggu Hospital. This is a cross-sectional
analytic study. The participants in this study were scabies patients who examined themselves at PKU Muhammadiyah Delanggu
Klaten Hospital between January and September 2023. The sequential sampling method was used to obtain a sample of 135
subjects. The Fisher exact test is used to analyze univariate and bivariate data. The majority of scabies patients were aged 10-19
years (30.4%), whereas the minority were aged 30-39 years (3.0%). Men 57.8% are more than women 42.2%. The majority of
scabies diagnoses (68.1%) were obtained through auto anamnesis, and approximately half of the patients (50.4%) possessed three of the four cardinal symptoms used for scabies diagnosis. With a p-value of 0.546 (p>0.05), the Fisher exact test demonstrates that knowledge is not related to a patient's behavior. However, the attitude factors test showed a p-value of less than 0.001, indicating that attitudes affect how scabies patients behave at the PKU Muhammadiyah Delanggu Hospital's Dermatology and Venereology clinic in Klaten. The results of the research show that there was a significant relationship between attitudes, rather than knowledge, significantly predicting how scabies patients behave in the Dermatology & Venereology clinic of PKU Muhammadiyah Delanggu Hospital, Klaten.

The Effect of Health Education on Knowledge of the Dangers of Smoking in Students of SMK Negeri 4 Yogyakarta

Tue, 18 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Smoking is the activity of smoking tobacco rolls wrapped in paper or nipa leaves and then burning and producing smoke. In the
survey results of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, the risk of smoking behavior in junior and senior high school students in Indonesia in 2015 was 32.82% in male students. Smoking habits lead to health risk for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and many types of cancer. Smokers have moderate knowledge of tobacco. The study's aim is to examine the effect of health education on knowledge of the dangers of smoking in students of SMK Negeri 4 Yogyakarta. This study utilized a pre-experimental design method with One-Group Pretest-Posttest design approach. The study sample consisted of 127 students who met inclusion and exclusion criteria in class X students of SMK Negeri 4 Yogyakarta. The pretest and post-test scores varied from 22 to 29 with increased scores of the post-test’s trend. Statistical analysis using chi-square test analysis showed a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05). These results suggest that there is an influence between health education on knowledge of the dangers of smoking in students of SMK Negeri 4 Yogyakarta

Lymphocyte Count as Predictor of Covid-19 Patients Mortality and Length of Stay in the Covid ICU of Dr Sardjito Hospital

Adi Indra Wijaya, Akhmad Yun Jufan, Untung Widodo — Tue, 18 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Covid-19 is an acute infection of the respiratory tract with a variety of clinical manifestations and severity. Lymphocyte count correlates to the severity of Covid-19. This study aims to find the relationship between lymphocyte count, mortality, and length of stay in COVID-19 patients. A retrospective cohort observational studies were conducted using medical records of confirmed COVID-19 patients in RSUP Dr. Sardjito Hospital between 1^st January 2021 to 31^st December 2021. The lymphocyte count cut-off point as a mortality factor was determined with the ROC curve and Youden’s index. Survival analysis was done using Kaplan Meier to investigate the relation of lymphocyte count to mortality and length of stay. The correlation between lymphocyte count and other factors affecting mortality and length of stay was analyzed with Cox regression. There were 217 subjects who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The cut-off point of lymphocyte count was set at 1.06,10³ cells/μL. A total of 121 subjects have a lymphocyte count of <1.06,10³ cells/μl. Higher lymphocyte counts (≥1.06,10³ cells/μl) showed a reduced risk of mortality (HR 0.570; 95% CI 0.403 – 0.807, p=0.002). The duration of hospitalization was shorter in the group of patients with lymphocyte count <1.06,10³ cells/μL OR 0.802, 95% CI 1.032-2.646; p=0.110) with a median of 128.77 hours (12.84 – 983.99 hours), which might be explained by higher mortality (p = 0.000) in the low lymphocyte patients’ group (64.8%). Low lymphocytes <1.06,10³ cells/μL in COVID-19 patients is independently and significantly associated with increased risk of mortality and insignificantly associated with shorter length of stay.

Overview of Tuberculosis Epidemiology at PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital in 2021-2023

Tue, 18 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The number of tuberculosis cases reported in Bantul Regency in 2022 was 732 cases. Aims this study to determine the epidemiological picture of tuberculosis in PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital in 2023. Research method: The research method applied in this study was the analytical observational method. The design in this study was cross-sectional. Tuberculosis cases at PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital in 2021-2023 experienced fluctuations and based on gender, the most cases were 54% males, the most tuberculosis patients were in the age group of 55-64 years, 86% of patients resided in Bantul Regency, the classification of tuberculosis was more in pulmonary tuberculosis, namely 72%, based on the results of the thoracic examination, 68% were known to be positive for tuberculosis, 17% of tuberculosis patients were accompanied by diabetes mellitus and 2% of tuberculosis patients were confirmed HIV positive. The conclusion is Patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital were more male than female. Most of the patients in the age group of 55-64 years, and resided in Bantul. The TB diagnosis is most pulmonary tuberculosis, with more positive thoracic examination results, fewer patients with diabetes mellitus, and fewer HIV-positive tuberculosis patients.

Keywords: epidemiology, characteristics, tuberculosis

Length of Hospitalization and Clinical Outcomes for Pneumonia Patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital, Bantul

Tue, 18 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Pneumonia is a lower respiratory tract infection that was the leading cause of death in developing countries in 2020, it was shown that pneumonia was the largest contributor to post-neonatal (14.5%) and under-five deaths (5.05%). The timing of hospital discharge for patients with pneumonia is determined primarily by the attending physician and is based on an assessment of the patient's clinical stability and the appropriate duration of inpatient medical therapy. The patient's discharge decision determines the length of hospital stay. Objective: To determine the length of hospitalization and clinical outcome improvement of pneumonia patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study using a retrospective study conducted by taking medical record data at PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital Results: Pneumonia patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital were dominated by the age group of 2 years old while by gender the majority were boys. Length of Stay (LOS) of pneumonia patients was highest with three days of treatment as many as 136 patients or 54.2%. Conclusion: Cumulatively within seven days, 98.80% of pneumonia patients showed good clinical outcomes and were allowed to leave the hospital. it is not known for certain that patient outcomes are related to the patient's length of stay because all patients returned home in improved condition after treatment at the hospital.

Utilization of Xpert MTB/RIF molecular test and Thorax Radiography as Tuberculosis Screening at PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital

Tue, 18 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Tuberculosis is a disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and approximately 25% of the global population is afflicted with this bacterium. In 2022,The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the Xpert MTB/RIF Molecular Test and Thorax Radiography as diagnostic tools for tuberculosis at PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital. The research employed quantitative methodologies with a cross-sectional design. The majority of tuberculosis suspects at PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital were individuals aged 64 years or older, based on age group. In terms of gender, 498 individuals were male. According to the Xpert MTB/RIF molecular test, 89 individuals tested positive for tuberculosis. In contrast, the number of individuals who tested positive for tuberculosis through thorax photo examination was 184. The findings indicate that the majority of patients suspected of having Tuberculosis were males and were primarily in the age category of above 64 years old. Thorax photo radiography yielded a higher number of confirmed positive tuberculosis findings compared to the Xpert MTB/RIF molecular test, based on the evaluation of individuals suspected of having tuberculosis.

Birth Defect as Teenage Pregnancy Complication: Narrative Review

Fauzan Achmad Maliki, Tira Alfiani Laariya — Tue, 18 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Due to its complexity in terms of psycho-social factors as well as maternity and maternal outcomes, teenage pregnancy is still a global issue that receives constant attention. The rate of adolescent fertility (AFR) in Indonesia is 26.64 births per 1000 women who are fertile.

Objective: This review article aims to explore the issues of teenage pregnancy, particularly as they relate to congenital abnormalities or birth defect as complications of teenage pregnancy.

Method: Database searches were conducted on Pubmed and Google Scholar.

Results: We gathered 27 articles with a wide variety of research designs in this review article.

Conclusion: Anemia, preeclampsia, and eclampsia are the most frequent maternal complications, while low birth weight (LBW) and preterm labor are the most frequent fetal complications in teenage pregnancy. Gastroschisis is the most prevalent birth defect associated with teen pregnancy, but there is little research on the subject and even fewer comprehensive reviews

Management of Sodium Imbalance

Barkah Djaka Purwanto, Rachma Greta Perdana Putri — Tue, 18 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Sodium imbalance consists of hyponatremia and hypernatremia. Acute and severe hyponatremia and hypernatremia are life-threatening conditions. Rapid and slow correction should be considered for optimal outcomes, as aggressive management is often associated with the danger of demyelination and cerebral edema. This review aims to determine the safe management of sodium imbalance so that it is hoped that in overcoming critical conditions it does not transfer to other critical conditions that are equally fatal. The data search strategy uses the PubMed and Google Scholar databases between 2010 and 2022 with free full text that can be downloaded. The findings emphasize that acute and severe hyponatremia and hypernatremia are often life-threatening conditions. Management of these conditions requires caution, as aggressive correction in hyponatremia can result in osmotic demyelination, while hypernatremia can lead to cerebral edema. Despite theoretical risks, the study found no significant difference in 30-day mortality, seizures, cerebral edema, or decreased consciousness between fast and slow correction methods. The conclusion underscores the importance of tailored and cautious management strategies to mitigate the risks associated with sodium imbalance corrections.

Stroke Hemorrhagic after Snakebite: A Scoping Review

Tue, 18 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Snakebite envenomation is a neglected tropical disease that affects millions of individuals living in underdeveloped countries. Cerebral complications are often found in venomous snake bite victims. Certain snake venoms can interfere with the blood's ability to clot, increasing the risk of bleeding in the brain and potentially causing a stroke. previous literature review studies have not comprehensively reviewed stroke hemorrhagic after snake bites. Therefore, we are interested in conducting a literature review using the scoping review method on stroke hemorrhagic after snake bites. The samples in this study were published articles from international journals related to cerebral complications after snakebite that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria used in this study were articles derived from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases, using the keywords “Snakebite” OR “Snake envenoming” AND “Stroke hemorrhagic”. Based on the eligibility, Six articles were finally synthesized in the study. All of papers were a case report design. Three cases were from Brazil, three cases from Morocco, Burkina Faso and Togo. The snake that causes hemorrhagic stroke in Brazil is Bothropp spp. however, the type of snake in the instances from Burkina Faso and Morocco is unknown. There were a total of 10 instances reported from 6 journals. One patient from Morocco died, while another patient from Brazil suffered from prolonged hemiplegia. Furthermore, a total of 8 more patients were released from the hospital in an improved condition.

Too “Big-Headed”, to Exit, a Massive Fetal Hydricephalus Causing Maternal Uterine Rupture.

Muhammad Candragupta Jihwaprani, Tiara Dinar Ismirahmadani , Hendro Kurniawan — Tue, 18 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Uterine rupture is an obstetric emergency, defined as a complete tear of all three layers of the uterus. It carries catastrophic maternal and fetal outcomes. While most commonly associated with previous cesarean deliveries or surgical obstetric-related procedures, it may very rarely be associated with abnormally high intrauterine pressure secondary to obstructed labor. Our center experienced a referred case of a spontaneous uterine rupture occurring after augmentation of labor and instrumental delivery of a hydrocephalic intrauterine fetal demise in an unbooked 29-year-old G4P3002 woman at 33 weeks’ gestation. She presented with acute hypotension and severe postpartum hemorrhage. Uterine rupture was diagnosed on clinical grounds. Early stabilization by maternal resuscitation and bleeding control was followed by an emergency total hysterectomy due to refractory hemorrhage. Our case depicted obstructed labor as a potential cause of uterine rupture and underpins the importance of routine antenatal care awareness which is still frequently overlooked in developing countries

Streptococcus agalactiae caused a Secondary Infection in Sexually Transmitted Infections : Case Report

Tue, 18 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Streptococcus agalactiae is a gram-positive coccus bacterium that is rarely reported to cause genital infections in males. This study discusses case of a young man with lesions on the genital as a secondary infection caused by Streprococcus agalactiae.

A 25-year-old man came to the dermatology and venereology clinic of Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, complaining of a wound on the penis that had not healed in the last 3 months ago, The patient has a history of having sex with men without using a condom and frequently changing partners. The patient was known to be infected with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) and the results of the IgG HSV-2 (Herpes Simplex Virus-2) serological examination were positive. The results of microbiological examination of the wound bed swab sample showed the growth of Streptococcus agalactiae. Previously the patient received antiretroviral therapy, clindamycin oral, and erythromycin cream. The wound on the penis got better, but before the wound completely recovered, the patient did not visit anymore.

Streptococcus agalactiae secondary infection in cases of sexually transmitted infections is a rare case. In this case, the finding of Streptococcus agalactiae can be considered as a pathogen. In cases of sexually transmitted infections with sores on the genital, a microbiological examination is recommended to determine the causative microorganism, and an antibiotic sensitivity test to determine the therapy.