Optimum: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan

Model development for estimating sales adjusment magnitude in real estate appraisal using hedonic price model and paired data analysis

2024-10-12T10:31:17+00:00

This study aims to develop a model that can identify a reference for determining the adjustment magnitude in the market approach used in appraisal practice. Currently, it is challenging for appraisers to accurately determine the extent of these adjustments. Data collection in this study employed purposive sampling, ensuring that the criteria and specifications closely mirrored the data collection process in appraisal practices. The researcher selected three districts to capture any possible variations in location affecting the adjustment magnitude. The collected data was regressed to build a hedonic price model, which was later analyzed using the paired data analysis method to meet ideal model conditions and specifications. The results of this study demonstrate that the adjustment magnitude in the market approach can be identified from price differences resulting from variations in a single attribute. The highly heterogeneous housing market conditions in Indonesia present significant challenges for conducting paired data analysis in a practical context. Artificial conditions were required to meet the specifications for paired data analysis. The implication of the study that appraisers in determining adjustments in the market approach. Additionally, the model/procedure developed in this study can be applied in research across different contexts and objects, contributing to the advancement of real estate valuation science.

Examining the contribution of Islamic bank to Indonesia economic growth

2025-02-21T04:49:51+00:00

This study thoroughly examines the impact of Islamic finance on economic growth in Indonesia, considering key variables such as total financing, total deposits, inflation, and trade openness. This study uses quarterly data covering the period from the first quarter of 2005 to the fourth quarter of 2021, providing a comprehensive overview of the dynamics between Islamic finance and economic growth for more than a decade. Through panel data regression analysis using the ARDL model, this study effectively explains the interaction between the dependent and independent variables and identifies the long-term impact of Islamic finance variables on Indonesia's economy. The findings indicate that Islamic finance positively contributes to long-term economic growth in Indonesia, with increases in total financing and deposits playing crucial roles in accelerating economic growth. These results underscore the importance of further developing the Islamic finance sector as a key driver of economic growth with significant implications for policies that support financial inclusion and macroeconomic stability. This study offers new insights for policymakers and financial practitioners to maximize the potential of Islamic finance to promote sustainable economic growth in Indonesia.

The transformative impact of information and communication technology on regional economies in Indonesia

2025-01-24T01:02:41+00:00

The development of information communication technology (ICT) has made it easier for people to carry out activities. People's dependence on ICT has become greater, which impacts increasing per capita income, business efficiency, and costs. The impact of ICT causes the flow of goods and services to be more efficient so that economic growth can be faster. This study aims to analyze the effect of ICT on economic development across all provinces in Indonesia over the period 2012–2022. The data used in this study from the Central Bureau of Statistics and the DJPK or the Ministry of Finance of Indonesia and used Generalized Least Squares (GLS) model approach. The results shows the Information and Communication Technology Development Index as a proxy for ICT, government spending, and investment significantly affected economic growth in all provinces. The labor variable does not significantly affect economic growth. The investment variable has the power prediction on economic growth. Implication of the study the government needs to build digital infrastructure and government budget is more focused on digital literacy.

Optimizing invesment decisions: A comparative analysis of fundamental and technical approaches

2025-01-15T22:39:51+00:00

This study discusses the comparison between using technical analysis independently and combining fundamental analysis with technical analysis in optimizing stock investment decision-making. The data used is secondary data from LQ45 stocks during the period of February to July 2024. Technical analysis in this study uses the Stochastic RSI indicator, while fundamental analysis refers to the Price to Book Value (PBV) ratio. The results show using technical analysis has an accuracy rate of 92% with a profit of 16.224, which is higher than the combination of both analyses which recorded an accuracy of 87% and a profit of 5.999. Nevertheless, the combined strategy is proven to be more effective in reducing investment risk, making it still relevant for investors who focus on long-term security. This study is important because in investment practice, market participants often face confusion in choosing the most suitable analytical approach. By empirically comparing the two strategies, and this study provides insights that can help investors adjust their strategies based on their goals, risk tolerance, and investment horizon, so that the decisions made are more targeted and measurable.

The criticality of clean energy and ICT invesment in achieving environmental sustainability in the EU member states

2025-05-09T01:10:21+00:00

Defining and designing appropriate energy, economic and environmental policies that help minimize global carbon emissions remains a top priority for all governmental and non-governmental environmental organizations worldwide. In this digital age, the researcher has paid particular attention to his increasing use of ICT and its relevance to economic and environmental aspects. This paper addresses the sustainability challenges and energy security issues posed by rising energy demand, researchers and policymakers have identified clean future energy alternatives using the most recent data to provide important information for policymakers. The study focused on the key components of ICT investments to promote clean energy (renewables and nuclear) and carbon neutrality in a particular economy with the use of the most robust econometric panel data method for the latest available data sets to obtain reliable and efficient estimates. The study findings demonstrate that using renewable energy can help the EU achieve energy security while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, renewable energy deployment is still not substantial enough to mitigate environmental pollution in the presence of significant ICT investment in the EU member states.

A triangulation approach in analyzing creative economy: Evidence from Wonogiri regency

2025-02-16T23:29:30+00:00

This study aims to evaluate regional potential and develop strategies based on creative economy activities, both in the creative industries sector and the service sector in Wonogiri Regency. The analytical model used is qualitative method with triangulation approaches that interview from the perspectives of government, business actors, and the community. The results of the study show that five creative industry groups can represent the creative economy in Wonogiri Regency, two of which are the fashion industry (batik) and traditional food (raw cashews, soybeans, and cassava). Another sub-sector supporting the creative economy in Wonogiri Regency is tourism potential. The novelty of this research is the use of a comprehensive triangulation approach to identify creative economy sectors with untapped potential and to produce a mapping of the creative economy ecosystem specific to the characteristics of Wonogiri Regency. Currently, Wonogiri Regency has not issued legislation as a reference for creative economy development. The potential of natural resources, diversity of arts and culture, innovative and creative resources in the form of characteristics from the perspective of the creative economy, as well as infrastructure and facilities are needed to empower these potential resources. The contribution of this research is evidence-based concrete recommendations for immediately forming a Creative Economy Development Coordination Team along with infrastructure, facilities, and funding support to implement creative economy development in Wonogiri Regency.

An empirical analysis of the effects of macroeconomic variables on exchange rate: A time series analysis using ECM

2025-06-03T05:06:20+00:00

There are increasing on debate about how the macroeconomic variables causes exchange rate. There are evidence that macroeconomic variables has a little evidence on exchange rate volatility and vice versa. This study aims to analyze the impact of macroeconomic variables, namely exports, imports, inflation, money supply, and interest rates, on the Rupiah exchange rate using the Error Correction Model approach. Using monthly data from 2010 to 2023 obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics and Bank Indonesia. The finding shows in the long run, exports have a negative effect on the exchange rate, while money supply and interest rates have a positive effect and indicates that an increase in these variables will strengthen the exchange rate. In the long run, imports and inflation do not show a significant effect in the long run. In the short run, only money supply and interest rates significantly affect the exchange rate, while exports, imports, and inflation do not. This study highlights the importance of understanding these macroeconomic dynamics for more effective economic policy making in Indonesia. The dominant role of monetary policy over trade and price variables in stabilizing the exchange rate. Policymakers should focus on managing money supply and interest rates while promoting exports to maintain Rupiah stability amid global uncertainty.

Mobility of non-permanent workers and energy consumption in Indonesia

2025-04-14T01:37:55+00:00

Expensive land in urban centers encourages workers to migrate to the suburbs, creating worker mobility that increases energy consumption and worsens environmental quality. Therefore, understanding the relationship between worker mobility and energy consumption is crucial. This study evaluates the impact of worker mobility categorized as commuter and circular on energy consumption in Indonesia. We used the Extended Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) model with instrumental variables (IV) on panel data from 33 provinces during the 2013–2018 period. The results show that commuter workers do not significantly affect total energy and fuel consumption, but significantly increase electricity consumption. Conversely, circular workers contribute significantly to increased total energy, fuel, and electricity consumption. Other impacts include decreased health and disruption to social life, despite the economic benefits. This study contributes to the literature on labor and energy in developing countries, particularly regarding the aspect of non-permanent workers. These findings are also relevant as a basis for formulating sustainable development policies that consider economic, social, and environmental aspects in a balanced manner.

Natural resource dependence and economic growth in Sulawesi: An empirical study of the resource curse phenomenon

2025-06-30T00:04:44+00:00

Natural resource abundance does not always guarantee successful regional economic development. In many cases, heavy reliance on extractive sectors can lead to structural disparities and growth stagnation, a condition widely referred to as the resource curse. This study aims to identify early signs of the resource curse in six provinces across Sulawesi Island and to examine the influence of the Regional Resource Curse Index (RRCI) on Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP) during the period 2013–2023. A quantitative approach was employed by constructing a composite RRCI derived from the Natural Resource Dependency Index (NRDI) and the Regional Sustainable Development Index (RSDI), followed by regression analysis using Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS), with nickel commodity prices used as an instrumental variable. The results show that the highest RRCI value was recorded in Southeast Sulawesi at 49.7 in 2023, followed closely by West Sulawesi and North Sulawesi, both with scores of 50.8. While the OLS and Fixed Effects models found no significant effect of RRCI on GDRP, the 2SLS estimation revealed a significant and positive causal relationship, with a lnRRCI coefficient of 0.5438 at the 1% significance level. These findings suggest that regional economic growth remains strongly driven by the extractive sector, although its contribution may be short-lived. This study concludes that Sulawesi Island has not yet fully experienced the resource curse, but early indications are present. Strengthening institutional capacity and developing alternative economic sectors are necessary to prevent long-term dependency on natural resources.

Regional income disparities in Indonesia: Insights from the Williamson index and panel data analysis

2025-06-05T02:27:05+00:00

Indonesia records the highest income disparity in Southeast Asia and ranks sixth globally in terms of income inequality, as evidenced by its position in recent international analyses and inequality reports. This study aims to examine the effects of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita, Human Development Index (HDI), Open Unemployment Rate (OUR), and investment on income distribution inequality, measured using the Williamson Index in Indonesia. The research utilizes panel data spanning from 2018 to 2022 across 34 provinces. A multiple linear regression analysis with panel data methodology was employed, selecting the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) as the most suitable estimator. The findings reveal that, collectively, all independent variables in the model significantly influence income distribution inequality. Individually, GRDP per capita has a positive and significant effect on income inequality, HDI exhibits a negative and significant impact, OUR shows no significant effect, while investment negatively and significantly affects income distribution inequality. This study contributes by providing input to stakeholders in formulating policies that can be implemented to address income distribution inequality, particularly in the Indonesia.

Analyzing the impact of risk profile on financial performance in banks: Moderating effect of good corporate governance

2025-06-13T01:29:18+00:00

The restrictions on economic activity during the COVID-19 pandemic harmed banking stability in Indonesia. This is reflected in the decline in banks' financial performance in 2020 due to high losses on various risk profiles. These risks do not only occur under certain conditions, such as a pandemic, but are also inherent in the bank's business activities. Therefore, this study analyzes the impact of credit risk, operational risk, and liquidity risk on bank financial performance in 2019-2024, involving GCG as a moderating variable. The purpose of this analysis is to provide an overview of the quality of risk management in commercial banks in Indonesia. The object of this research is commercial banks listed on the IDX. The research sample consisted of 15 banks, selected through purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using panel data models and moderated regression (MRA). The results showed that credit risk and operational risk had a negative effect, while liquidity risk did not affect bank financial performance. GCG weakens the negative relationship between operational risk and financial performance, but does not moderate the relationship between credit risk and liquidity risk. The findings suggest that the risk management of commercial banks in Indonesia is suboptimal, particularly in terms of credit risk and operational risk. Tighter supervision by GCG is also necessary to mitigate the adverse effects of risk.

The role of gender empowerment on income inequality in Indonesia: Evidence from panel data

2025-06-03T04:04:46+00:00

Income inequality in Indonesia, remains as a serious global issue. This study is driven by the existing inter-regional disparities and the limited integration of gender indicators in inequality analysis, particularly across all provinces in Indonesia. The issue of income distribution inequality is certainly influenced by various factors. This study was conducted with the aim of understanding the effect of the Gender Empowerment Index (GEI), Human Development Index (HDI), poverty, and Domestic Investment (DI) on income inequality in Indonesia. The data in this study is secondary panel data sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics, covering 34 provinces over the 2015-2023 period. The research method is the fixed effects model. The findings indicate that GEI does not have a statistically significant impact. On the contrary, HDI has a significant negative effect, while poverty and domestic investment have a significant positive effect on income distribution inequality. These findings highlight the need for inclusive human development policies, equitable investment distribution, and targeted poverty reduction strategies. This study also contributes by providing evidence-based recommendations to reduce interprovincial disparities in Indonesia and strengthen discussions on more equitable and fair policies.

A structure model of economic resilience on female single-parent families: The contribution of digital inclusion, financial management and financial trauma

2025-08-31T00:15:10+00:00

Female single-parent households are among the most vulnerable groups to economic shocks due to limited access to resources, decent work, and social protection. Strengthening their economic resilience is therefore a pressing challenge, particularly in the era of digitalization where opportunities and risks coexist.This study aims to examine the role of digital inclusion, financial management, and financial trauma in shaping the economic resilience of female-headed households in Medan.The research contributes to the literature by integrating digital and psychosocial dimensions into a structural model of economic resilience, while also offering evidence-based insights for inclusive empowerment policies.A quantitative approach was employed using a survey of 200 respondents, and data were analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS).The results indicate that digital inclusion significantly improves financial management and directly enhances economic resilience. Financial management mediates the relationship between digital inclusion and economic resilience, showing that digital access only translates into stronger resilience when supported by effective financial practices. Financial trauma, while directly influencing economic resilience, was not found to moderate the link between financial management and resilience.In conclusion, the findings highlight that access to digital technology combined with strong financial management skills is the key to building sustainable economic resilience in female-headed households.

Analysis the effect of globalization and uncertainty on trade openness in ASEAN: A panel quantile regression approach

2025-08-18T09:45:49+00:00

Trade openness is defined as a country's involvement in the global economy through international trade, foreign investment, and capital flows. High levels of trade openness enable countries to capitalize on the vast global market, access foreign technology and capital, and increase economic efficiency and competitiveness. This study focuses on the determinants of trade openness and the institutional environment. This is inseparable from the fact that ASEAN countries have more developing countries than developed countries, so that global shocks have an impact on the domestic economy. This study used a panel quantile regression The findings show globalization has an effect at the quantile levels of 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 and indicates that increasing globalization also increases trade openness. As globalization increases, socio-economic relations between countries also improve, such as expanding relations between countries for international cooperation and at the 0.90 quantile level, globalization has no effect on trade openness. This means that high levels of globalization do not affect trade openness. The panel quantile of 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 0.90 indicates that economic uncertainty has no effect on trade openness means countries on economic recovery, the government still applies international trade restrictions to protect domestic entrepreneurs. The implication of the study for the policymakers that need to increase the globalization index to not only foreign trade occurs, but also technology transfer that can encourage high-quality and globally competitive domestic production, thereby supporting the trade-led growth hypothesis.

Determinants of local government revenue and economic potential: Pathways for revenue enchancement

2025-08-19T23:37:56+00:00

Fiscal independence represents a critical indicator of regional governments' capacity to finance development without dependence on central government transfers. Klaten Regency continues to exhibit low fiscal autonomy levels with suboptimal of local government revenue (LGR) contributions. This study aims to: a). identify principal factors influencing Klaten Regency's LGR, and b). analyze local economic potential for enhancing revenue sources. The research novelty integrates comprehensive economic factor analysis including Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), population, tourist arrivals, regional taxes, regional levies, and capital expenditure with leading sector identification through Location Quotient (LQ) analysis. This holistic approach fills a significant research gap in Klaten Regency studies. The methodology employs multiple linear regression analysis of six variables, stakeholder interviews, and LQ analysis to determine base economic sectors. Results demonstrate that GRDP, population, and regional taxes have a significant influence on LGR, while tourist numbers, levies, and capital expenditure show no significant impact. Notably, levies exhibit negative effects on revenue generation. The study concludes that LGR enhancement requires optimization of base economic sectors rather than broad-spectrum approaches. Strengthening fiscal capacity demands adaptive, targeted management strategies aligned with local potential. Future research will focus on formulating tourism sector development strategies through regional business management frameworks. This comprehensive analysis provides policymakers with evidence-based insights for improving Klaten's fiscal independence through strategic economic sector development.