Metafora dalam Naskah Sunda Kuno Sanghyang Siksakandang Karesian: Kajian Semantik Kognitif
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12928/mms.v7i2.16118Keywords:
Manuskrip, Metafora, Semantik, Skema citra, SundaAbstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji penggunaan metafora konseptual dalam naskah Sunda Kuno Sanghyang Siksakandang Karesian melalui pendekatan semantik kognitif. Kajian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan secara komprehensif bentuk-bentuk metafora serta skema citra pra-konseptual yang mendasari konstruksi pemaknaan dalam teks tersebut. Dengan menerapkan metode deskriptif kualitatif, data lingual dikumpulkan melalui teknik pembacaan mendalam dan diidentifikasi menggunakan perangkat Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP) dari Pragglejaz Group. Analisis data dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan teori klasifikasi metafora dari Saeed serta teori skema citra yang dikembangkan oleh Croft dan Cruse. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metafora dalam naskah abad ke-16 ini terbagi ke dalam empat bentuk utama, yaitu metafora konvensional, sistematis, asimetris, dan abstraksi. Selain itu, ditemukan beberapa pola skema citra yang mendasari penataan gagasan tersebut, meliputi skema kekuatan (force), wadah (container), dan eksistensi (existence). Lebih dari sekadar unsur stilistika atau hiasan retoris permukaan, temuan ini secara tegas memperlihatkan bahwa metafora berfungsi sebagai representasi dari cara pandang (worldview) dan sistem konseptual masyarakat Sunda Kuno dalam mengorganisasikan pengalaman hidup serta nilai-nilai moral keagamaan yang abstrak melalui pengalaman fisik yang konkret. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi ilmiah penting bagi perkembangan studi linguistik kognitif Nusantara dengan memetakan integrasi data filologis lokal dan struktur kognitif global, sekaligus mengisi rumpang akademik dalam studi evolusi semantik naskah daerah secara diakronis.
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