Characterization of Activated Charcoal Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensiss Jacq) Shell Waste using SEM and FTIR: Effect of Activation Temperature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12928/irip.v2i2.812Keywords:
activation temperature, SEM, FTIR, charcoal oil palmAbstract
This study aims to determine the structure of morphology and functional groups from activated charcoal for palm oil waste with variations in activation temperature. The process of two stages: the carbonation and activation stage. Carbonation process using a pyrolysis reactor at a carbonation temperature of 200oC -400oC for 6 hours. Then, the sample activated at a temperature of 700 °C, 750oC, 800oC, and 850 °C. Samples were characterization using SEM and FTIR. SEM analysis results show the largest pore size at a temperature of 850 oC with a diameter of 48.3 nm, and the lowest temperature was 700 °C with a capacity of 35.3 nm. Activated charcoal from oil palm shell waste at mesopore size. Next, FTIR analysis results show wave numbers 2165,18 cm-1, 1554 cm-1, 1030,76 cm-1 dan 424,11 cm-1. The removal of some absorption bands and the formation of new absorption bands, caused by the activation temperatureReferences
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A. G. Haji, G. Pari, and M. Nazar, “Characterization of activated carbon produced from urban organic waste,†International Journal of Science and Engineering, vol. 5, no. 10, pp. 89–94, 2013.
A. J. Alkhatib and Khalid Al Zailey, “Medical and Environmental Applications of Activated Charcoal :,†European Scientific Journal, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 50–56, 2015.
S. G. Herawan, M. S. Hadi, R. Ayob, and A. Putra, “Characterization of Activated Carbons from Oil-Palm Shell by CO2 Activation with No Holding Carbonization Temperature,†The Scientific World Journal, no. 624865, pp. 1–6, 2013.
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M. S. Shamsuddin, N. R. N. Yusoff, and M. A. Sulaiman, “Synthesis and characterization of activated carbon produced from kenaf core fiber using H 3 PO 4 activation,†International Conference on Recent Advances in Materials, Minerals and Environment (RAMM) & 2nd International Postgraduate Conference on Materials, Mineral and Polymer, 2016, vol. 19, pp. 558–565.
C. H. Teoh, “Key Sustainability Issues in the Palm Oil Sector,†siteresources.worldbank.org, 2010.
N. Abdullah and G. Town, “The Oil Palm Wastes in Malaysia,†in Biomass Now: Sustainable Growth and Use, 1st ed., no. March, M. D. Matovic, Ed. Croatia: InTech, 2013, pp. 75–100.
M. Kun, H. Bin, B. Chin, and M. Chian, “Effects of heat treatment on oil palm shell coarse aggregates for high strength lightweight concrete,†Journal of Materials & Design, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 702–707, 2015.
S. L. Rincon and A. Gomez, “Comparative Behaviour of Agricultural Biomass Residues During Thermochemical Processing,†Global Nest, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 111–117, 2012.
Yusnaini and I. Rodianawati, “Produksi dan Kualitas Asap Cair Dari Berbagai Jenis Bahan Baku," Prosiding SNaPP2014 Sains, Teknologi, dan Kesehatan dan Kesehatan, 1996, pp. 253–260.
W. D. Mulyani, "Analisis Komposisi dan Morfologi Arang Aktif Dari Kulit Biji Jambu Mete yang Dikatalis TiO2,†Universitas Halu Oleo, 2014.
H. J. Walther, Carbon Adsorption Handbook, CH. Second. USA, Michigan, Collingwood: Inn Arbor Science, 1983.
M. Lempang, W. Syafii, and G. Pari, “Struktur dan Komponen Arang Aktif Tempurung Kemiri,†Journal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 278–294, 2011.
S. Darmawan, G. Pari, and K. Sofyan, "Optimasi Suhu dan Lama Aktivasi dengan Asam Phosfat Dalam Produksi Arang Aktif Tempurung Kemiri," Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 51–56, 2009.
P. J. Goodhew, J. Humphreys, and R. Beanland, Electron Microscopy and Analysis. Parkway NW: Taylor & Francis, 2000.
J. I. Goldstein, D. E. Newbury, J. R. Michael, N. W. M. Ritchie, J. H. J. Scott, and D. C. Joy, Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis, Fourth Edi. USA: Springer Science+Business Media, 2017.
B. C. Smith, Fundamentals of Transform Infrared Fourier Spectroscopy, Second Edi. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis Group, 2011.
“Michelson interferometer,†Wikipedia, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki / Michelson_interferometer.
H. Ishida, Fourier Transform Infrared Of Polymers. New York: Plenum Press, 1987.
A. H. Jawad, R. Abd, K. Ismail, and S. Sabar, “High surface area mesoporous activated carbon developed from coconut leaf by chemical activation with H3PO4 for adsorption of methylene blue,†Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 5, no. 74, pp. 326–335, 2017.
L. Pulido-Novicio, T. Hata, Y. Kurimoto, S. Doi, S. Ishihara, and Y. Imamura, “Adsorption capacities and related characteristics of wood charcoals carbonized using a one-step or two-step process,†Journal Wood Science, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 48–57, 2001.
Y. H. Tan et al., "thermal, mechanical, or surface modification studied using gas adsorption electron microscopy," Journal of Materials Chemistry, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 6733–6745, 2012.
S. Fayanto, M. Anas, and V. Hastuti, “Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from nyamplung ( Calophyllum inophyllum . L ) seed shell waste : effect of activation temperature,†in International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering Technology, 2018, pp. 180–186.
H. Nurdiansah and D. Susanti, “Pengaruh Variasi Temperatur Karbonisasi dan Karbon Aktif Tempurung Kelapa dan Kapasitansi Electric Double Layer Capacitor,†Jurnal Teknik Points, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. F13-f18, 2013.
N. Khanh, N. Quach, W. Yang, Z. Chung, and H. L. Tran, “The Influence of the Activation Temperature on the Structural Properties of the Activated Carbon Xerogels and Their Electrochemical Performance,†Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 2017, no. 8308612, pp. 1–9, 2017.
M. Doloksaribu, B. Prihandoko, and K. Triyana, “Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon Based on Coconut Shell for Supercapacitor,†International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, vol. 4531, pp. 430–437, 2017.
M. O. Ilomuanya, B. Nashiru, N. D. Ifudu, and C. I. Igwilo, “Effect of pore size and morphology of activated charcoal prepared from midribs of Elaeis guineensis on adsorption of poisons using metronidazole and Escherichia coli O157 : H7 as a case study,†Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 32–38, 2019.
H. Carbonization, S. G. Herawan, M. S. Hadi, R. Ayob, and A. Putra, “Characterization of Activated Carbons from Oil-Palm Shell by CO2 Activation with No Holding Carbonization Temperature,†The Scientific World Journal, vol. 624865, no. June, pp. 1–8, 2013.
A. C. Lua and J. Guo, “Microporous Oil-Palm-Shell Activated Carbon Prepared by Physical Activation for Gas-Phase Adsorption,†Langmuir 2001, vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 7112–7117, 2001.
Z. A. Nasution and Siti Mariani Rambe, "Effect of temperature for palm shell pore forming as absorbance," Jurnal Dinamika Penelitian Industri Vol., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 48–53, 2011.
S. Maulina and M Iriansyah, “Characteristics of activated carbon resulted from pyrolysis of the oil palm fronds powder,†IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 309, no. 012072, pp. 1–7, 2018.
M. M. Yashim, N. Razali, N. Saadon, and N. A. Rahman, “Effect of Activation Temperature on Properties of Activated Carbon Prepared From Oil Palm Kernel Shell (Opks),†ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 6389–6392, 2016.
J. Park, I. Hung, Z. Gan, O. J. Rojas, K. Hun, and S. Park, “Bioresource Technology Activated carbon from biochar : Influence of its physicochemical properties on the sorption characteristics of phenanthrene,†Bioresource Technology, vol. 149, pp. 383–389, 2013.
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