Islam and Civilization: A Comparative Study of the Prophet Muhammad's Era and Post-Colonial Islamic Discourse

Abstract

This paper examines the construction of Islamic civilization during the era of Prophet Muhammad and its reconstruction within the post-colonial discourse shaped by Western dominance. Utilizing a library-based method, this comparative study analyzes the distinct challenges and mechanisms of civilizational growth across both eras. While the prophetic era established a foundational civilization through integrated spiritual and sociopolitical structures during the Hijrah in Medina, post-colonial Islamic discourse operates as a counter-hegemonial framework responding to modern Western hegemony. This study reveals that the comparative core lies in the structural shift from a localized civilizational state to an ideological global discourse. The novelty of this paper rests on its conceptual bridging of these two disparate periods, demonstrating that modern post-colonial discourse is not merely a reactionary critique of the West, but a continuous ideological evolution of the prophetic model adapted to resist contemporary global dominance. Ultimately, this research offers a nuanced perspective on modern Islamic identity by identifying how prophetic foundations are reinterpreted to navigate modern post-colonial challenges.