Determinant of Stunting in Indonesia: A Review Article
Keywords:
Stunting, determinant, IndonesiaAbstract
Background: Stunting prevalence data in Indonesia has sufficient number relatively similar with riskesdas result year 2007 (36.8%), 2010 (35.6%) until 2013 increase to 37.2% (1), although riskesdas 2018 result decline 6.4%. It becomes 30.8% (2), but the problem of stunting in Indonesia is still above prevalence globally, 22.2% (3). WHO determines definition of nutrition case is fewer than 20% (4), therefore Indonesia included to state which has public health problem, especially stunting case. Stunting has long risk such as PTM when going adult, though it can be prevented early.
Objective: this article review aims to identify determinant factors which take a risk to stunting of Indonesian children.
Methodology: We applies concept framework from WHO about stunting on children. By using designs of non-randomized control trials, observational studies, this article review applied through browsing the article using Google scholer, Proquest, Medline and several on line journals which published 10 years latest, then taking research subject of mother and child, Research applied in West Kalimantan.
Result: From browsing finding obtained 2.435 relevant articles to conduct the citation, there are 2.122 completed the requirement after conducting the title and absract review, after carrying out the screening throuh full text review of articles obtained 360 titles, then 15 articles which completed the inclusive/ exclusive criteria. Based on literature finding of review consistently shows that giving inclusive mother‘s milk, low economic status of household, premature birthing, length of birthing and low education of mother, and also children live in the village, bad sanitation, and the culture is a determinant factor of children stunting in Indonesia.
Conclusion: From the comprehensive synthesis concerning stunting on Indonesian children can be found out who is the most susceptible of stunting and the factors influence of stunting on children.
References
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10. Paramashanti BA, Hadi H, Gunawan IMA. Pemberian ASI eksklusif tidak berhubungan dengan stunting pada anak usia 6–23 bulan di Indonesia. J Gizi dan Diet Indones (Indonesian J Nutr Diet [Internet]. 2016;3(3):162. Available from: http://ejournal.almaata.ac.id/index.php/IJND/article/view/312
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13. De Onis M, Onyango AW, Borghi E, Garza C, Yang H. Comparison of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards and the National Center for Health Statistics/WHO international growth reference: Implications for child health programmes. Public Health Nutr. 2006;9(7):942–7.
14. Presiden ajak Bank Dunia atasi stunting.
15. Torlesse H, Cronin AA, Sebayang SK, Nandy R. Determinants of stunting in Indonesian children: Evidence from a cross-sectional survey indicate a prominent role for the water, sanitation and hygiene sector in stunting reduction. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2016;16(1):1–11. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3339-8
16. Rachmi CN, Agho KE, Li M, Baur LA. Stunting, underweight and overweight in children aged 2.0-4.9 years in Indonesia: Prevalence trends and associated risk factors. PLoS One [Internet]. 2016;11(5):1–18. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154756
17. Torlesse H, Cronin AA, Sebayang SK, Nandy R. Determinants of stunting in Indonesian children: Evidence from a cross-sectional survey indicate a prominent role for the water, sanitation and hygiene sector in stunting reduction. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):1–11.
18. Reyes H, Pérez-Cuevas R, Sandoval A, Castillo R, Santos JI, Doubova S V., et al. The family as a determinant of stunting in children living in conditions of extreme poverty: A case-control study. BMC Public Health. 2004;4:1–10.
19. Illahi RK. Hubungan Pendapatan Keluarga, Berat Lahir, Dan Panjang Lahir Dengan Kejadian Stunting Balita 24-59 Bulan Di Bangkalan. J Manaj Kesehat Yayasan RSDr Soetomo [Internet]. 2017;3(1):1–7. Available from: http://jurnal.stikes-yrsds.ac.id/index.php/JMK/article/view/85/83
20. Nadiyah. Faktor Risiko Stunting Pada Anak Usia 0—23 Bulan Di Provinsi Bali, Jawa Barat, Dan Nusa Tenggara Timur. J Gizi dan Pangan. 2014;9(2):125–32.
21. Al-Anshori H, Nuryanto N. FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA 12-24 BULAN (Studi di Kecamatan Semarang Timur). J Nutr Coll [Internet]. 2013;2(4):675–81. Available from: https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/jnc/article/view/3830
22. Rahayu A, Yulidasari F, Putri AO, Rahman F. Riwayat Berat Badan Lahir dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Usia Bawah Dua Tahun. Kesmas Natl Public Heal J [Internet]. 2015;10(2):67. Available from: http://journal.fkm.ui.ac.id/kesmas/article/view/882
23. Wellina WF, Kartasurya MI, Rahfilludin MZ. Faktor risiko stunting pada anak umur 12-24 bulan. J Gizi Indones. 2016;5(1):55–61.
24. Aguayo VM, Nair R, Badgaiyan N, Krishna V. Determinants of stunting and poor linear growth in children under 2 years of age in India: An in-depth analysis of Maharashtra’s comprehensive nutrition survey. Matern Child Nutr. 2016;12:121–40.
25. Isnaini F, Indrawani YM. Faktor Dominan Penyebab Stunting Usia 12-23 Bulan di Posyandu Terpilih Kelurahan Depok Tahun 2014. 2014;1–19.
26. Nkurunziza S, Meessen B, Van geertruyden JP, Korachais C. Determinants of stunting and severe stunting among Burundian children aged 6-23 months: Evidence from a national cross-sectional household survey, 2014. BMC Pediatr. 2017;17(1):1–15.
27. S. B, S. S, W. L. Determinants of child malnutrition during the 1999 economic crisis in selected poor areas of Indonesia. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2007;16(3):512–26. Available from: http://www.healthyeatingclub.org/APJCN/Volume16/vol16.3/Finished/(512-526)SaptawatiBardosono.pdf%5Cnhttp://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=emed8&NEWS=N&AN=17704034
28. Batiro B, Demissie T, Halala Y, Anjulo AA. Determinants of stunting among children aged 6-59 months at Kindo Didaye woreda, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: Unmatched case control study. PLoS One [Internet]. 2017;12(12):1–16. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189106
29. Hwalla N, Al Dhaheri AS, Radwan H, Alfawaz HA, Fouda MA, Al-Daghri NM, et al. The prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and inadequacies in the middle east and approaches to interventions. Nutrients. 2017;9(3):1–29.
30. Illahi RK, Muniroh L. Gambaran Sosio Budaya Gizi Etnik Madura. Media Gizi Indones. 2016;11(2):135–43.
31. Pertiwi D, Kusudaryati D, Muis SF, Widajanti L. Pengaruh suplementasi Zn terhadap perubahan indeks TB / U anak stunted usia 24-36 bulan. J Gizi Indones. 2017;5(2):98–104.
32. Saraswati E dan Budiman B. Dampak Suplementasi Makanan Berkalsium Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tulang Anak Umur 9-11 Bulan. Pgm. 1999;(7):5–15.
33. Morris SS, Cogill B, Uauy R. Effective international action against undernutrition: why has it proven so difficult and what can be done to accelerate progress? Lancet. 2008;371(9612):608–21.
34. Keats EC, Imdad A, Das JK, Bhutta ZA. Protocol : Efficacy and effectiveness of micronutrient supplementation and fortification interventions on the health and nutritional status of children under-five in low and middle-income countries : a systematic review. 2018;(August).
35. Shafiur Rahman M, Nazrul Islam Mondal M, Rafiqul Islam M, Mohiuddin Ahmed K, Reazul Karim M, Shamsher Alam M. Under Weightiness among Ever-married Non-pregnant Women in Bangladesh: A Population Based Study. Univers J Food Nutr Sci [Internet]. 2015;3(2):29–36. Available from: http://www.hrpub.org
36. Atsu BK, Guure C, Laar AK. Determinants of overweight with concurrent stunting among Ghanaian children. BMC Pediatr. 2017;17(1):1–12.
37. Vollmer S, Harttgen K, Subramanyam MA, Finlay J, Klasen S, Subramanian S V. Association between economic growth and early childhood undernutrition: Evidence from 121 Demographic and Health Surveys from 36 low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet Glob Heal. 2014;2(4):225–34.
38. De Onis M, Blössner M, Borghi E. Prevalence and trends of stunting among pre-school children, 1990-2020. Public Health Nutr. 2012;15(1):142–8.
39. Krebs NF. Update on zinc deficiency and excess in clinical pediatric practice. Ann Nutr Metab. 2013;62(SUPPL.1):19–29.
2. Ministry RH. Hasil Utama Laporan Riskesdas 2018. 2018;
3. Tables S. Levels and Trends in Child Malnutrition , 1990 –. 2015;9–13.
4. de Onis M, Onyango AW. {WHO} child growth standards. Lancet. 2008;371(9608):204.
5. Calkins K, Devaskar SU. Fetal Origins of Adult Disease Kara. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Heal Care [Internet]. 2011;41(6):158–76. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.cppeds.2011.01.001
6. Sari M, de Pee S, Bloem MW, Sun K, Thorne-Lyman AL, Moench-Pfanner R, et al. Higher Household Expenditure on Animal-Source and Nongrain Foods Lowers the Risk of Stunting among Children 0-59 Months Old in Indonesia: Implications of Rising Food Prices. J Nutr [Internet]. 2010;140(1):195S–200S. Available from: http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/doi/10.3945/jn.109.110858
7. Kyu HH, Georgiades K, Boyle M. Maternal smoking, biofuel smoke exposure and child height-for-age in seven developing countries. Int J Epidemiol. 2009;38(5):1342–50.
8. Amin NA, Julia M. Faktor Sosiodemografi dan Tinggi Badan Orangtua serta Hubungannya dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 6-23 Bulan. J Gizi dan Diet Indones [Internet]. 2014;2:171. Available from: http://ejournal.almaata.ac.id/index.php/IJND/article/download/299/271
9. Aryastami NK, Shankar A, Kusumawardani N, Besral B, Jahari AB, Achadi E. Low birth weight was the most dominant predictor associated with stunting among children aged 12–23 months in Indonesia. BMC Nutr [Internet]. 2017;3(1):16. Available from: http://bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40795-017-0130-x
10. Paramashanti BA, Hadi H, Gunawan IMA. Pemberian ASI eksklusif tidak berhubungan dengan stunting pada anak usia 6–23 bulan di Indonesia. J Gizi dan Diet Indones (Indonesian J Nutr Diet [Internet]. 2016;3(3):162. Available from: http://ejournal.almaata.ac.id/index.php/IJND/article/view/312
11. Aryastami NK, Tarigan I. Kajian Kebijakan dan Penanggulangan Masalah Gizi Stunting di Indonesia. Bul Penelit Kesehat [Internet]. 2017;45(4):233–40. Available from: http://ejournal.litbang.depkes.go.id/index.php/BPK/article/download/7465/5434
12. Beal T, Tumilowicz A, Sutrisna A, Izwardy D, Neufeld LM. A review of child stunting determinants in Indonesia. Matern Child Nutr. 2018;14(4):1–10.
13. De Onis M, Onyango AW, Borghi E, Garza C, Yang H. Comparison of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards and the National Center for Health Statistics/WHO international growth reference: Implications for child health programmes. Public Health Nutr. 2006;9(7):942–7.
14. Presiden ajak Bank Dunia atasi stunting.
15. Torlesse H, Cronin AA, Sebayang SK, Nandy R. Determinants of stunting in Indonesian children: Evidence from a cross-sectional survey indicate a prominent role for the water, sanitation and hygiene sector in stunting reduction. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2016;16(1):1–11. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3339-8
16. Rachmi CN, Agho KE, Li M, Baur LA. Stunting, underweight and overweight in children aged 2.0-4.9 years in Indonesia: Prevalence trends and associated risk factors. PLoS One [Internet]. 2016;11(5):1–18. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154756
17. Torlesse H, Cronin AA, Sebayang SK, Nandy R. Determinants of stunting in Indonesian children: Evidence from a cross-sectional survey indicate a prominent role for the water, sanitation and hygiene sector in stunting reduction. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):1–11.
18. Reyes H, Pérez-Cuevas R, Sandoval A, Castillo R, Santos JI, Doubova S V., et al. The family as a determinant of stunting in children living in conditions of extreme poverty: A case-control study. BMC Public Health. 2004;4:1–10.
19. Illahi RK. Hubungan Pendapatan Keluarga, Berat Lahir, Dan Panjang Lahir Dengan Kejadian Stunting Balita 24-59 Bulan Di Bangkalan. J Manaj Kesehat Yayasan RSDr Soetomo [Internet]. 2017;3(1):1–7. Available from: http://jurnal.stikes-yrsds.ac.id/index.php/JMK/article/view/85/83
20. Nadiyah. Faktor Risiko Stunting Pada Anak Usia 0—23 Bulan Di Provinsi Bali, Jawa Barat, Dan Nusa Tenggara Timur. J Gizi dan Pangan. 2014;9(2):125–32.
21. Al-Anshori H, Nuryanto N. FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA 12-24 BULAN (Studi di Kecamatan Semarang Timur). J Nutr Coll [Internet]. 2013;2(4):675–81. Available from: https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/jnc/article/view/3830
22. Rahayu A, Yulidasari F, Putri AO, Rahman F. Riwayat Berat Badan Lahir dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Usia Bawah Dua Tahun. Kesmas Natl Public Heal J [Internet]. 2015;10(2):67. Available from: http://journal.fkm.ui.ac.id/kesmas/article/view/882
23. Wellina WF, Kartasurya MI, Rahfilludin MZ. Faktor risiko stunting pada anak umur 12-24 bulan. J Gizi Indones. 2016;5(1):55–61.
24. Aguayo VM, Nair R, Badgaiyan N, Krishna V. Determinants of stunting and poor linear growth in children under 2 years of age in India: An in-depth analysis of Maharashtra’s comprehensive nutrition survey. Matern Child Nutr. 2016;12:121–40.
25. Isnaini F, Indrawani YM. Faktor Dominan Penyebab Stunting Usia 12-23 Bulan di Posyandu Terpilih Kelurahan Depok Tahun 2014. 2014;1–19.
26. Nkurunziza S, Meessen B, Van geertruyden JP, Korachais C. Determinants of stunting and severe stunting among Burundian children aged 6-23 months: Evidence from a national cross-sectional household survey, 2014. BMC Pediatr. 2017;17(1):1–15.
27. S. B, S. S, W. L. Determinants of child malnutrition during the 1999 economic crisis in selected poor areas of Indonesia. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2007;16(3):512–26. Available from: http://www.healthyeatingclub.org/APJCN/Volume16/vol16.3/Finished/(512-526)SaptawatiBardosono.pdf%5Cnhttp://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=emed8&NEWS=N&AN=17704034
28. Batiro B, Demissie T, Halala Y, Anjulo AA. Determinants of stunting among children aged 6-59 months at Kindo Didaye woreda, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: Unmatched case control study. PLoS One [Internet]. 2017;12(12):1–16. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189106
29. Hwalla N, Al Dhaheri AS, Radwan H, Alfawaz HA, Fouda MA, Al-Daghri NM, et al. The prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and inadequacies in the middle east and approaches to interventions. Nutrients. 2017;9(3):1–29.
30. Illahi RK, Muniroh L. Gambaran Sosio Budaya Gizi Etnik Madura. Media Gizi Indones. 2016;11(2):135–43.
31. Pertiwi D, Kusudaryati D, Muis SF, Widajanti L. Pengaruh suplementasi Zn terhadap perubahan indeks TB / U anak stunted usia 24-36 bulan. J Gizi Indones. 2017;5(2):98–104.
32. Saraswati E dan Budiman B. Dampak Suplementasi Makanan Berkalsium Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tulang Anak Umur 9-11 Bulan. Pgm. 1999;(7):5–15.
33. Morris SS, Cogill B, Uauy R. Effective international action against undernutrition: why has it proven so difficult and what can be done to accelerate progress? Lancet. 2008;371(9612):608–21.
34. Keats EC, Imdad A, Das JK, Bhutta ZA. Protocol : Efficacy and effectiveness of micronutrient supplementation and fortification interventions on the health and nutritional status of children under-five in low and middle-income countries : a systematic review. 2018;(August).
35. Shafiur Rahman M, Nazrul Islam Mondal M, Rafiqul Islam M, Mohiuddin Ahmed K, Reazul Karim M, Shamsher Alam M. Under Weightiness among Ever-married Non-pregnant Women in Bangladesh: A Population Based Study. Univers J Food Nutr Sci [Internet]. 2015;3(2):29–36. Available from: http://www.hrpub.org
36. Atsu BK, Guure C, Laar AK. Determinants of overweight with concurrent stunting among Ghanaian children. BMC Pediatr. 2017;17(1):1–12.
37. Vollmer S, Harttgen K, Subramanyam MA, Finlay J, Klasen S, Subramanian S V. Association between economic growth and early childhood undernutrition: Evidence from 121 Demographic and Health Surveys from 36 low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet Glob Heal. 2014;2(4):225–34.
38. De Onis M, Blössner M, Borghi E. Prevalence and trends of stunting among pre-school children, 1990-2020. Public Health Nutr. 2012;15(1):142–8.
39. Krebs NF. Update on zinc deficiency and excess in clinical pediatric practice. Ann Nutr Metab. 2013;62(SUPPL.1):19–29.
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