Disease Prevention and Public Health Journal

Risk of Spouse HIV Status and Anal Sex on HIV/AIDS Transmission in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) at Kendari City Hospital

Rahmawati Sijid — 2025-11-12

Background : The incidence of HIV/AIDS occurs in many productive ages with the highest percentage in men. At Kendari City Hospital, there is a significant increase in new cases of HIV/AIDS every year, especially in the MSM group. The average proportion of HIV/AIDS cases in MSM in 2021 is 65.4%; in 2022 it is 74.3%, and in 2023 it is 77.1%. This study aims to analyse the risk of HIV status and anal sex on HIV/AIDS transmission in the group of men who have sex with men (MSM) at Kendari City Hospital. Method : This type of research is a quantitative study with a case control design. The study population consisted of 349 cases and 423 controls. The minimum sample size taken was 75 case subjects and 75 control subjects, with sample withdrawal using random sampling. Data analysis was carried out descriptively, epidemiology and logistic regression analysis. Results: This research found the Odds Ratio (OR) of HIV status of couples was obtained at 30.545 and anal sex was 7.042. Conclusion : The conclusion in this study is that the HIV status of the couple and anal sex are behavioural factors for the risk of HIV/AIDS in the group of Men who have sex with men at Kendari City Hospital. It is expected that the Kendari City Health Office will increase socialization activities about the use of condoms and examination for sexually transmitted infections as an effort to prevent HIV/AIDS, especially to the MSM group. This can be done through cross-sectoral cooperation with other agencies as well as the involvement of NGOs and moving with the community.

Relationship Between Potential Antihypertensive Drug Interactions and Target Blood Pressure in Outpatients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Lutfi Hidiyaningtyas — 2025-11-12

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly prevalent condition globally and is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hypertension frequently occurs during the development of kidney disease and is a leading cause of its progression. CKD patients with complications and comorbidities often require combination therapy. However, some drug combinations can cause adverse drug reactions and reduce the efficacy of therapy. One such reaction is failing to achieve the blood pressure target; Method: This research is a non-experimental, analytical study with retrospective sampling. The sample for this study consisted of 71 patients. Potential drug interactions were analyzed using the drug interaction checker application on drug.com. Univariate analysis was performed to describe patient characteristics, and bivariate analysis using the Chi-square statistical test was performed to examine the relationship between the potential interactions of antihypertensive drugs and blood pressure targets; Results: The correlation analysis test results showed no relationship between the potential interaction of antihypertensive drugs and the target blood pressure of CKD patients (p-value = 0.607); Conclusion: There is potential for antihypertensive drug interactions in CKD patients, but they do not statistically affect blood pressure targets.

Risk Factors of Computer Vision Syndrome in Lecturers and Academic Staff: A Literature Review

Aswin Fauziah — 2025-11-12

Background: Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is becoming an important issue among lecturers and academic staff due to the increasing use of digital devices. CVS causes symptoms such as dry eye fatigue, headaches, and neck and back pain that can affect teaching quality and individual well-being. This study aims to understand the relationship of CVS variables in lecturers and academic staff and management with existing literature; Method: A literature review was conducted by searching electronic data-based articles including Google Scholar and Pubmed using the keywords Computer Vision Syndrome, lecturer, academic staff, management. Inclusion criteria included articles from national and international accredited publications 2019-2024, full text, open access and cross sectional study research design. 10 articles were selected for analysis according to Prisma Guidelines; Results: Analysis of the literature showed that CVS risk factors consisted of individual factors, namely male, computer use more than four hours a day; for environmental factors, ergonomics and lighting were also influential. The importance of eye health awareness, educational interventions, adjustments to work ergonomics and the practice of eye exercises can reduce the risk of CVS and Conclusion: CVS is a significant problem among computer users especially in academic settings. Individual and environmental factors influence CVS symptoms. Prevention and management require a comprehensive approach with ergonomic adjustments, regular breaks and educational interventions. Eye exercise programs are effective in reducing symptoms. The challenge lies in developing evidence-based strategies to address individual responses. It is hoped that these measures can reduce the prevalence of CVS, improving the health and well-being of computer users.

Analysis of Musculoskeletal Drivers Literature: A Comprehensive Review Of Scientific Publications

Bayu Yoni Setyo Nugroho — 2025-11-12

Background:Musculoskeletal disorders among professional drivers represent a significant occupational health challenge, with prevalence rates of 78.6% globally, causing physical discomfort, reduced performance, and increased workplace injury risks. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of MSD research development and guide future research directions based on quantitative analysis of scientific publications.

Method: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis was conducted using Web of Science database data from August 10, 2025. The search included open access English articles on "Back pain" and "Transportation" using VOSviewer and R-Bibliometrix tools to visualize inter-literature connections and research evolution. Results: Dominance of “Public Environmental” category is well quantified of 112 documents revealed. The United Kingdom, USA, and Australia led research contributions with strong international collaborations. Four thematic clusters emerged: Motor Themes (exposure, prevention, ergonomics), Basic Themes (driving safety, automation), Niche Themes (human factors), and Emerging Themes (occupational health, systems thinking). Key focus areas included whole-body vibration, low-back pain, ergonomic interventions, and health prevention strategies. Conclusions: Significant gaps exist between assessment studies and comprehensive intervention development in driver musculoskeletal health research. Despite extensive research foundations in developed countries, intervention studies remain limited, particularly in developing nations. The analysis emphasizes the need for cost-effective ergonomic interventions, longitudinal studies, and direct measurement techniques to address the complex interplay of work procedures, environment, and equipment in musculoskeletal disorder development among professional drivers.

Analysis of Diarrhea-Prone Area Mapping in West Java Province in 2023

Artha Prabawa — 2025-11-12

Background: West Java is one of the provinces with the highest prevalence of diarrhea. In 2023, the province reported 1,346,230 diarrhea cases of all age groups. Mapping high-risk areas for diarrhea will help in decision-making for the implementation of prevention and control efforts. Methods: This is a descriptive study using secondary data from Open Data Jabar 2023. The analysis was conducted to produce maps showing the distribution of dependent and independent variables, as well as the level of diarrhea risk in each district/city through scoring of all independent variables. Results: Out of 27 districts/cities, 6 were categorized as very high-risk and 3 as high-risk, with the highest scored variables were drinking water facilities, access to proper sanitation and stopping open defecation. However, when the risk levels were compared with the number of diarrhea cases, some districts/cities with low risk reported high and very high numbers of diarrhea cases, while some with very high risk had relatively low case numbers. Conclusion: The analysis shows that in 2023, about one-third districts/cities in West Java fall into the at-risk category for diarrhea. Prevention efforts should be focused on districts/cities with high risk. Further studies are needed to understand the role of other risk factors, as there is an inconsistency between risk levels and reported cases in several districts/cities.

Proximate Analysis: Content of Red Dragon Fruit Peel

Endah Puji Astuti — 2025-11-12

Background: The dragon fruits have the beneficial, including antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, properties, blood sugar regulation, and can be used as an ingredient in cosmetics. The purpose of the study was to identify the active compunds contains in Dragon fruits peels using proximate analysis approach. Method: In this study, The proximate analysis was used to measure the contents of water, materials, protein, fat, carbohydrate, crude fiber, energy, Fe, vitamin C and E content, and beta carotene content in the laboratory process. Results: The proximate test results showed that the moisture content of dragon fruit peel flour was 6.3732% - 6.5158%, ash content was 4.8069% - 4.6173%, protein content was 9.2396% - 9.4276%, fat content was 0.4807% - 0.3646%, carbohydrate content was 28.5208% - 28.4530%, crude fiber content was 50, 5788% - 50.6217%, energy content 238.5314 cal/100g - 238.4489 cal/100g, mineral content 2.8993 mg/100g - 2.8747 mg/100g, vitamin C content 16.9835 mg/100g - 25.4752 mg/100g, beta carotene content 5.4672 μg/100g - 4.7922 μg/100g. Conclusion: Research shows that dragon fruit peelc contains various nutrients and bioactive compounds that are beneficial for health

The Relationship Between Vulvar Hygiene Behavior During Menstruation and The Incidence of Vaginal Discharge (Flour Albus) in Adolescent Women

Rheka Ratnasari — 2025-10-31

Background : Vaginal discharge or flour albus refers to the non-bloody discharge other than blood from the vagina under normal conditions. Physiological vaginal discharge is considered normal for women, whereas abnormal or pathological discharge refers to any discharge that deviates from the usual characteristics or quantity typically observed under healthy conditions. Vulvar hygiene is a particular care for women to maintain the external reproductive area. The study aimed to determine the relationship between vulvar hygiene behavior during menstruation and the incidence of vaginal discharge (flour albus) in adolescent women at Senior High School 8 Surakarta. Method : This research design employed quantitative using an analytic correlation study with the cross-sectional method. The sample selected 68 respondents of Senior High School 8 Surakarta students using the Slovin formula with proportional stratified random sampling. The analysis utilized the gamma test to examine the relationship between variables. Results: The results of the gamma test demonstrated a (P-Value 0.007 <0.05), which indicated a relationship between vulvar hygiene behavior and the incidence of vaginal discharge (flour albus). Conclusion : It concluded a significant relationship between vulvar hygiene behavior and the incidence of vaginal discharge (flour albus) in adolescent women at Senior High School 8 Surakarta. This study suggests that every woman could maintain the external reproductive organs by accomplishing vulvar hygiene practices to reduce vaginal discharge (flour albus).