A retrospective study of HBV reactivity among blood donors in Bojonegoro

Fatia Rizki Nuraini — 2026-02-02

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains one of the most significant transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), posing ongoing challenges to blood safety in Indonesia. Regular monitoring of HBV reactivity among blood donors is crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of screening and guiding public health interventions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and temporal trends of HBV reactivity among blood donors in Bojonegoro, while evaluating the effectiveness of current screening procedures and supporting public health interventions. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 51,351 blood donors at UDD PMI Bojonegoro between January 2020 and December 2021. Blood samples were screened using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to detect HBV infection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation. A total of 261 donors tested reactive for hepatitis B, comprising 129 cases in 2020 and 132 in 2021. Although the absolute number of reactive cases increased slightly, the reactivity rate declined from 0.61% to 0.44%, coinciding with an overall increase in the number of donors. Monthly analysis revealed fluctuating patterns, with peaks observed in December 2020 and June 2021. The declining proportion of HBV reactivity suggests improvements in donor selection and public awareness. However, the continued presence of reactive cases highlights the need to strengthen screening systems, expand vaccination coverage, and adopt more sensitive detection technologies, such as Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT). Ongoing regional surveillance remains crucial to support national efforts in controlling HBV and ensuring the safety of blood transfusion services in Indonesia.

Smartphone addiction and sedentary lifestyle among university students: a correlation study

Lina Handayani — 2026-02-05

Smartphone addiction is a global concern, especially in Indonesia. Many preteens use smartphones extensively, but university students are at risk due to their autonomy and reliance on them for academic and entertainment purposes. These variables prolong screen time, increasing smartphone addiction and a sedentary lifestyle. Smartphone addicts are 2.7 times more likely to be sedentary, and 90% of teens use them while sitting. About 50% of university public health students are sedentary. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between smartphone addiction and sedentary lifestyle among university students. This study is an analytical, observational, cross-sectional design. The population included students in the Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Public Health Study Program (2021–2024 cohorts). Purposive sampling selected 95 active, smartphone-using, and willing students to complete the online questionnaire. The Indonesian Smartphone Addiction Scale – Short Version (SAS-SV) and Indonesian Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire examined smartphone addiction and sedentary lifestyle. Proofreading is shown in the Supplementary Materials for both translated, validated, and pilot-tested instruments. Spearman's Rho correlation test was used to analyze the data. Moderate smartphone addiction (64.21%) and sedentary lifestyle (42.11%) were common among students. Spearman's Rho correlation analysis demonstrated a modest, non-significant association between smartphone addiction and sedentary lifestyle (r = 0.090; p = 0.388; p > 0.05), indicating a very weak, non-significant relationship. Although smartphone addiction and sedentary lifestyle were not significantly related, moderate smartphone addiction remains concerning, suggesting interventions should also target environmental, social, and economic factors.

Jurnal Cakrawala Promkes

A retrospective study of HBV reactivity among blood donors in Bojonegoro

Smartphone addiction and sedentary lifestyle among university students: a correlation study