Jurnal Cakrawala Promkes

Gender disparities and risk factors in infant mortality in Indonesia

Yuniar Wardani — 2024-09-04

The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is closely related to the Human Development Index (HDI), which measures a country's social and economic development. The decline in IMR based on gender is thought to be related to discrimination in the treatment of female babies, unequal nutritional needs of female babies, and utilization of health service facilities. This study aims to investigate the relationship between risk factors and infant mortality with gender stratification. Using a cross-sectional approach based on secondary data from the 2012 and 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), the research sample consisted of women of childbearing age (15-49 years) who had given birth, totaling 3694 and 3413 women in 2012 and 2017, respectively. Data analysis was conducted using logistic regression and the sampling technique employed was two-stage stratified random sampling. From the 2012 and 2017 IDHS, variables influencing infant mortality based on gender included maternal age (0.23 95% CI 0.14-0.37; 3.17 95% CI 1.94-5.17), parity (0.49 95% CI 0.33-0.72; 2.53 95% CI 1.75-3.68), place of birth (0.47 95% CI 0.33-0.67; 0.61 95% CI 0.41-0.89), and body weight (2.67 95%CI 1.75-4.08; 3.31 95% CI 2.12-5.17). Baby girls with small birth weights were at higher risk of dying compared to baby boys, while male babies born to older mothers were at greater risk of death compared to female babies. Antenatal care is an essential key in reducing various risks of infant death based on gender, playing a crucial role in ensuring healthier outcomes for both male and female infants through early detection and targeted interventions.

Preventing teen pregnancy and delinquency: The role of parental supervision, communication, and education

Fitriana Putri Utami — 2024-09-04

Adolescent pregnancies resulting from premarital sex impacted adolescents, their families, and any potential offspring. Society viewed such pregnancies sas abnormal, careless, and embarrassing. Given that adolescents are still under the of the influence of their families, parental roles were crucial in preventing these pregnancies, despite adolescents increasingly choosing their own friends . In the contemporary digital age, gadget addiction further complicates family dynamics, particularly in managing adolescent behavior. Thus, this study aims to investigate how parents supervise, communicate, and educate their adolescents to prevent teenage pregnancies and other juvenile delinquency. Conducted in Banguntapan District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta, in February 2024, this qualitative study involved six women from the Youth Family Development program in Mertosanan Kulon as primary informants and the head of Mertosanan Hamlet as a triangulating informant. All informants were selected using a purposive technique. Data collection was conducted through Focus Group Discussion (FGD)and analyzed using content analysis. Parents can contribute in preventing juvenile misbehavior, particularly when it comes to preventing unmarried pregnancies, by keeping an eye on, talking to, and educating their teenagers—. Fathers play a more crucial role in the upbringing and educatiing boys, while mothers are more critical for girls. Collaborative community efforts and a multidisciplinary educational approach emphasizing parent-adolescent relationships and communication are essential.

Analysis of the relationship between food role models and nutritional status of toddlers among working mothers in Yogyakarta

Annisa Nurdiana Sari — 2024-09-04

The nutritional status of children under five years old is influenced by their food intake and maternal feeding behavior. Research shows that mothers who work longer hours tend to have children with poor nutritional intake. Maternal behavior in providing food role models also has a significant effect on children's nutritional status. This study aims to find out the influence of dietary recommendations on toddlers nutritional status in working mothers. This research is an analytical observational empirical research with a cross sectional design. The reachable population is all working mothers who have toddlers in D.I. Yogyakarta. Samples were taken by purposive sampling. The research sample was 211 mother-toddler pairs. Data was collected using self-administered offline and online questionnaires consisting of questionnaires on respondent characteristics (mothers and toddlers), and a questionnaire for food role models, namely Musher-Eizenman's Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire. The statistical test carried out was the Kruskall Wallis test. The majority of mothers are 30 years old and have worked for around 5 years and the average income received is around 2 million rupiah. Most mothers work as private sector workers, with the majority holding positions as employees. After measuring the nutritional status of toddlers, it was found that the majority (59%) of toddlers had good nutrition (n=124). %). The highest average food role model score in the eating model component was 3.97 ± 0.67). The relationship between the three components of the food role model and nutritional status was analyzed, eating model (X²(2) = 2.516, p-value = 0.2842), food education (X²(2) = 0.847, p-value = 0.6547), and overall (X²(2) = 2.165, p-value = 0.3388). It was found that food role model is not significantly related to nutritional status of toddlers.

The relationship between dating violence and help-seeking behavior among adolescents aged 12-14

Suci Musvita Ayu — 2024-09-04

Dating violence is a manifestation of inequality in any given relationship. It involves abuse within a romantic relationship that inflicts both physical and psychological harms on the victim. The psychological impacts include heartbreak, loss of self-confidence, and anxiety. This issue is particularly concerning among adolescents and warrants attention from various stakeholders. Consequently, seeking help is crucial for individuals who experience dating violence. This paper aims to assess the relationship between incidents of dating violence and the help-seeking efforts of victims. This study was a cross-sectional survey that was conducted at Junior High School. 82 respondents were recruited by utilizing relationship between dating violence and help seeking behavior was analyzed using Chi-Square. The majority of respondents who experienced dating violence reported emotional violence (25.6%) and 48.8% of these individuals did not seek help. The results indicate no significant relationship between incidents of dating violence and help seeking behavior among Adolescents aged 12–14 years old in Yogyakarta X2 (1, N = 104) = 1.7, p > .05. This suggested that, within this study, there is no significant correlation between the occurrence of dating violence and efforts made by adolescents to seek help. Despite experiencing violence, these adolescents may not be inclined to reach out for assistance, suggesting a potential disconnect between the experiencing violence and responding to it.

The relationship between parental feeding styles and the nutritional status of toddlers among working mothers in Yogyakarta

Riska Amelia — 2024-08-31

The increasing number of mothers working outside the home represents a significant social and economic change. The rise in women's workforce participation has notably impacted family dynamics, particularly influencing working mothers' feeding styles on child development and nutritional status. This study aims to determine the relationship between parental feeding style and toddler’s nutritional status among working mothers. This is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The target population includes all working mothers with toddlers in the Yogyakarta Special Region. Samples were purposively selected, comprising 211 mother-toddler pairs. Data were collected through self-administered online and offline questionnaires on respondent characteristics and feeding styles using the Caregiver Feeding Style Questionnaire. Toddler nutritional status data were measured using weight-for-age (W/A), height-for-age (H/A), and weight-for-height (W/H) indices, obtained through direct measurements of weight and height. The Spearman rank correlation test was used to evaluate the relationship between feeding style and children's nutritional status. There was a significant negative correlation between the responsive aspect of parenting feeding style and the nutritional status on the H/A index, rₛ(210) =-0.17, p=.014. However, no significant correlations were found between the demanding aspect of feeding style and the nutritional status on the W/A, H/A, and W/H indices (rₛ(210)=-0.03, p=.662; rₛ(210)=-0.07, p=.322; rₛ(210)=-0.08, p=.226, respectively). Similarly, the responsive aspect of parenting style was not significantly correlated with the nutritional status on the W/A and W/H indices (rₛ(210)=0.01, p=.947; rₛ(210)=-0.11, p=.115, respectively). In conclusion, a relationship was found between responsive parenting feeding style and nutritional status on the H/A index. However, no significant relationships were observed between demanding feeding style and nutritional status on the W/A, H/A, and W/H indices, or between responsive style and the W/A and W/H indices. Public health interventions should focus on promoting responsive feeding styles among working mothers to improve child nutritional outcomes.

The effect of education using the emo-demo method on parents' knowledge and skills in preventing stunting

Maula Shofa — 2024-08-29

Stunting is a severe nutritional health problem in Indonesia, caused by an inadequate diet that interferes with a child's nutritional intake, resulting in significant impairment of growth and development. In Mangliawan Village, the prevalence of stunting is 3.8%, with 33 under-fives affected. Efforts to address this problem require effective interventions, one of which is through education aimed at parents. This study aims to analyze the effect of education using the emo-demo method on increasing parents' knowledge and skills in preventing stunting. The emo-demo method was chosen because of its participatory and interactive approach, making the material presented easier to remember and apply to participants. This study used a quantitative pre-experimental approach with a One Group Pretest Posttest design, involving 44 respondents selected by purposive sampling in Mangliawan Village during the period March-April 2024. Data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of 10 knowledge questions and 10 skill questions, then analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The statistical analysis showed a significant increase in parents' knowledge and skills after the education. The knowledge score improved with a Z value = -5.126 and P = 0.000, while the skill score also enhanced with a Z value = -5.400 and P = 0.000. These results show that the P value is <0.05, indicating a significant difference before and after the intervention. This finding confirms that the emo-demo education method effectively increases parents' understanding and ability to prevent stunting and is more impactful than other conventional education methods. This study is expected to be an effective alternative in public health education programs, especially in stunting prevention at the community level.

Factors relating to the nutritional status of toddlers in 2021

Andi Mutiah Armus — 2024-09-09

Toddlers are the age group that most often suffers from malnutrition, which can be assessed by measuring their nutritional status. The nutritional status of a toddler is closely linked to various factors, including the mother’s level of education, the parents’ occupations, and the family’s income. This study aims to determine the factors related to the nutritional status of children under five in the Village of Untia, District of Biringkanaya, Makassar, in 2021. The first factor is the mother’s level of education, the second is the parents’ occupations, and the third is the family’s income. This research is an observational study using a cross-sectional approach, focusing on identifying the factors that influence the nutritional status of toddlers. The study sample consisted of 100 participants selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires filled out by the parents of the toddlers. Nutritional status was measured based on anthropometric BB/U compared with the WHO_NCHS Z-score values. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analyses. The results showed that the statistically significant factor influencing the nutritional status of children was family income (p-value = 0.000). Mothers' education level (p-value = 0.920) and the parents’ occupations (p-value = 0.622) were not significant factors. It can be concluded that one of the key factors influencing the nutritional status of children is the parent’s income. Higher-income families can provide better nutrition, while lower-income families may struggle, increasing the risk of malnutrition and health issues. Therefore, the economic well-being of parents is crucial in ensuring optimal nutrition and development for children.