Jurnal Cakrawala Promkes

A retrospective study of HBV reactivity among blood donors in Bojonegoro

2025-08-07T04:29:22+00:00

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains one of the most significant transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), posing ongoing challenges to blood safety in Indonesia. Regular monitoring of HBV reactivity among blood donors is crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of screening and guiding public health interventions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and temporal trends of HBV reactivity among blood donors in Bojonegoro, while evaluating the effectiveness of current screening procedures and supporting public health interventions. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 51,351 blood donors at UDD PMI Bojonegoro between January 2020 and December 2021. Blood samples were screened using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to detect HBV infection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation. A total of 261 donors tested reactive for hepatitis B, comprising 129 cases in 2020 and 132 in 2021. Although the absolute number of reactive cases increased slightly, the reactivity rate declined from 0.61% to 0.44%, coinciding with an overall increase in the number of donors. Monthly analysis revealed fluctuating patterns, with peaks observed in December 2020 and June 2021. The declining proportion of HBV reactivity suggests improvements in donor selection and public awareness. However, the continued presence of reactive cases highlights the need to strengthen screening systems, expand vaccination coverage, and adopt more sensitive detection technologies, such as Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT). Ongoing regional surveillance remains crucial to support national efforts in controlling HBV and ensuring the safety of blood transfusion services in Indonesia.

Hospital preparedness for disasters: a global perspective on research trends in health promotion and resilience

2025-11-20T06:14:07+00:00

Hospitals play a central role in maintaining the continuity of healthcare services during crises, underscoring the strategic necessity of disaster preparedness to strengthen the health system’s resilience. This study analyzed global trends, research developments, and scientific influences related to hospital disaster preparedness to identify knowledge gaps and future priorities for enhancing resilience and promoting health. Data were retrieved from the Scopus database using the keywords “hospital” and “disaster preparedness” for the years 2015–2025, screened according to the inclusion criteria, and analyzed using VOSviewer and Scopus Analytics. A total of 628 articles met the criteria. The number of publications increased sharply after 2020, with notable dominance by high-income countries and leading academic institutions with substantial research funding. Bibliometric mapping revealed four major research clusters: (1) hospital emergency management and system preparedness, (2) healthcare workforce resilience and lessons from the pandemic, (3) education, training, and behavioral preparedness, and (4) cross-country collaboration in disaster response. Although the multidisciplinary dimension of hospital preparedness is evident through the inclusion of engineering and computer science fields, technology-related keywords did not appear at the applied threshold, suggesting that research on technology integration remains limited. Contributions from Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) are also underrepresented, highlighting disparities in research capacity and funding. This study expands global understanding of hospital disaster preparedness by identifying emerging and underexplored areas, emphasizing the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration, equitable research partnerships, and the integration of health promotion approaches to build adaptive, resilient hospitals worldwide.

Smartphone addiction and sedentary lifestyle among university students: a correlation study

2025-08-21T09:51:19+00:00

Smartphone addiction is a global concern, especially in Indonesia. Many preteens use smartphones extensively, but university students are at risk due to their autonomy and reliance on them for academic and entertainment purposes. These variables prolong screen time, increasing smartphone addiction and a sedentary lifestyle. Smartphone addicts are 2.7 times more likely to be sedentary, and 90% of teens use them while sitting. About 50% of university public health students are sedentary. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between smartphone addiction and sedentary lifestyle among university students. This study is an analytical, observational, cross-sectional design. The population included students in the Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Public Health Study Program (2021–2024 cohorts). Purposive sampling selected 95 active, smartphone-using, and willing students to complete the online questionnaire. The Indonesian Smartphone Addiction Scale – Short Version (SAS-SV) and Indonesian Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire examined smartphone addiction and sedentary lifestyle. Proofreading is shown in the Supplementary Materials for both translated, validated, and pilot-tested instruments. Spearman's Rho correlation test was used to analyze the data. Moderate smartphone addiction (64.21%) and sedentary lifestyle (42.11%) were common among students. Spearman's Rho correlation analysis demonstrated a modest, non-significant association between smartphone addiction and sedentary lifestyle (r = 0.090; p = 0.388; p > 0.05), indicating a very weak, non-significant relationship. Although smartphone addiction and sedentary lifestyle were not significantly related, moderate smartphone addiction remains concerning, suggesting interventions should also target environmental, social, and economic factors.

Effectiveness of infographic video-based health education in promoting diarrhea prevention behaviors among elementary school children

2025-12-15T09:09:58+00:00

Diarrheal diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia. Inadequate hygiene practices and limited health education contribute to the high incidence of diarrhea among school-aged children. Innovative and engaging educational approaches are needed to improve children’s preventive behaviors. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of health education using video infographics in improving knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to diarrhea prevention among elementary school children in Palembang, Indonesia. A pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted among 104 students at Negeri 145 elementary school in Palembang. Participants received health education through video infographics covering proper handwashing, healthy eating habits, maintaining clean toilets, and appropriate waste disposal. Data on KAP related to diarrhea prevention were collected using structured questionnaires before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed to compare pretest and posttest scores. The intervention resulted in significant improvements across all measured outcomes. Mean knowledge scores increased from 6.07 to 14.13, attitudes from 28.16 to 61.36, and practices from 31.28 to 64.98 (p < 0.05 for all variables). These findings indicate that video-infographic-based education effectively enhanced children’s awareness and adoption of diarrhea-prevention behaviors. Health education using video infographics is an effective tool for improving knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices related to diarrhea among elementary school children. However, sustaining healthy behaviors beyond the school environment remains challenging and requires continued support from parents and communities, as well as improvements in sanitation and environmental conditions.

“Girls need sex education more”: Gendered views of kindergarten teachers on children’s sex education

2025-11-29T04:49:17+00:00

Preschool-aged children are vulnerable to sexual violence due to limited knowledge of sexual concepts, body autonomy, and personal boundaries. Early sex education is essential to strengthen children’s protective knowledge and help-seeking behaviors. In Indonesia, however, sex education for early childhood is often constrained by social taboos, limited teacher training, and insufficient instructional resources. Teachers play a central role in delivering age-appropriate sex education in schools, yet their perceptions and experiences remain underexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to explore kindergarten teachers' perceptions of sex education for preschool-aged children, including their understanding of sex education concepts, implementation challenges, and expectations for effective delivery. A qualitative study using a descriptive-phenomenological approach was conducted from August to September 2024 in Manado City. Purposive sampling was employed to recruit 15 kindergarten teachers as main informants and 7 preschool-aged children as supporting informants for data triangulation. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and participant observation. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically. Two main themes emerged: (1) sex education for preschool-aged children and (2) challenges and expectations of teachers in conducting sex education. Teachers generally understood sex education as teaching body autonomy, private body parts, gender identity, and safe versus unsafe touch. However, perceptions differed regarding the appropriate age to introduce sex education and whether girls should receive greater emphasis than boys. Children's growth, attention spans, training, and teaching medium were challenges. Teachers stressed interactive methods and engagement with parents, health workers, and government agencies. Early childhood sex education is heavily influenced by teachers' expertise, challenges, and expectations. Effective and sustainable early sex education requires teacher competency, age-appropriate resources, and multi-stakeholder collaboration.