Khalid, I., Alhayali, O. J., & Aljanabi, S. (2026). AdaptiveSliding-Mode Observer-Assisted Model Predictive Direct Speed Control for PMSM Drives Under Parameter Uncertainty and Load Disturbances. Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro, 8(4), 1057–1075. https://doi.org/10.12928/biste.v8i4.16737