Human Movement Detection System Based on the Internet of Things

Nur Ifan Syah, Sunardi

Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

1. INTRODUCTION

Developments in the world of science and technology are becoming more and more sophisticated day by day, providing benefits and very positive impacts on human activities in everyday life. Technological developments must be balanced by utilizing the human resources we have, if we cannot utilize them then we will not be able to keep up with developments in this increasingly advanced era [1]. Nowadays humans are supported by various technologies ranging from motorized vehicles with intelligent systems, intelligent wheelchairs, sophisticated communication devices, to smart homes that can be seen and controlled remotely using an intelligent system called the Internet of Things [2].

One of the technologies most often used in everyday life is home security which usually uses smart home technology which is equipped with the help of a camera as a means to see the condition of the house or room when it is unoccupied, which is one solution in the security process [3].

Monitoring the condition of the house can be done by using a tool equipped with a movement detector where the tool will function to detect movement passing through the tool and will automatically count movements entering the room or leaving the room [4][5] Apart from being applicable to smart homes, this tool can be applied to homes, offices, stadiums, restaurants and also places that require visitor data. This data can be seen in real time on the LCD screen provided and can be viewed using an application that has been connected to the device to be accessed via smartphone.

The development of increasingly sophisticated technology should make all human work easier, from helping to doing work that is usually done by humans in general [6]-[9]. Sometimes people still do not support the existence of tools that can help and make all human work easier, preferring to use the help of other people rather than innovations that are easier and more practical [10].

Sometimes the main reason for not supporting technologically advanced tools is the unaffordable price factor among society in general, even though if we calculate it, sometimes it is more expensive to use human labor which must be paid every month [11][12]. If you use a tool, the costs are large at the start but there are no costs that have to be paid every month. This automatic visitor counting tool is actually a very necessary tool for entrepreneurs who have business premises such as restaurants or buildings that are used for various kinds of events [13][14].

This movement detection tool is based on the internet of things (IOT) which requires an internet network that is always connected to the tool to be able to continue operating. Internet network access in Indonesia is said to be not yet completely stable and there are still many areas that cannot access the internet properly, such as in remote areas [15]. Still not reachable, it needs to be considered more carefully to be able to operate the tool so that it can be used in various areas and makes it easier for users. Apart from the internet network needed, of course there must be a tool that can operate the internet, namely a smartphone. This tool requires a smartphone to be able to operate the tool's working system which can control and monitor all situations generated by the tool [16].

In this detection tool there are two PIR sensors which function to detect all types of movement, the distance that the sensors can reach is not too far, around 1-4 meters, but the PIR sensor is very sensitive to all types of movement [17]. The detection equipment is not yet equipped with a camera so it cannot be certain that the movement originates from humans or from other objects [18]. Component devices experience their own problems, such as the PIR sensor which is too sensitive to all types of movement, so the device cannot determine where the resulting movement is coming from.

An internet of things based movement tool is installed around the door of the house to make it easier for the PIR sensor to be able to detect all types of movement from the incoming PIR sensor and the outgoing PIR sensor. The tool is installed at a height of 100 meters above the floor surface due to minimizing the resulting errors [19].

2. METHODS

The research that will be carried out focuses more on creating an IoT-based movement system tool to identify and count the number of human movements entering and leaving the room. The system built uses the NodeMCU ESP8266 as a more efficient microcontroller to be able to connect to the WiFi module in the IoT system without requiring other modules [20]. The tool is also equipped with a Light Emitting Diode (LED) as notification of movement, an indicator buzzer if the room is fully occupied and there is a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) which is used to display the number of human movements entering and leaving the room, as well as the number of people present room [21].

The way this tool works is quite easy, starting from reading the movements made by a motion sensor using two PIR sensors to be placed at the room entrance and room exit. The PIR sensor will detect movement and then carry out the tasks properly which have been programmed and set by the NodeMCU ESP8266 as a microcontroller to control the program that has been loaded on the microcontroller. If movement is detected entering the room, the sensor will send data which is displayed on the LCD in real time and is indicated by a lit LED as an indication that there is movement entering the room [22]. On the other hand, if there is movement past the exit, the PIR sensor located at the exit will send an indication of exit movement and automatically the screen display on the LCD will decrease and the LED light will turn on. There are tools and materials used in the research as in Table 1. There is bSome of the software used to support research is shown in Table 2. The software used is divided into test software, operating systems, and analysis tools. The system design of this tool consists of component design or hardware design and also wiring diagram shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3. The river water level monitoring system based on IoT can develop by using block diagram and flowchart in Figure 4 and Figure 5.

Figure 3. Wiring diagram

Figure 4. Block diagram

Table 1. Research Tools

Table 2. Supporting Software

Figure 5. System flowchart

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The aim of testing and checking tools is to minimize errors that occur in the tools being made, such as testing the components installed in the circuit, such as the ESP8266 NodeMCU, LED testing, buzzer testing, and PIR sensor testing.

1. PIR Sensor Testing

This test was carried out because the PIR sensor is one of the main components of the tool being made. This test aims to determine the usefulness of the PIR sensor. The experimental results can be seen in Figure 6.

Figure 6. Human objects are not detected

2. LED Testing

In the tool that is made there are two LED monitoring lights to find out if there is movement entering the room and leaving the room, the LED will send a signal or the light will turn on as in Figure 7 and Figure 8.

Figure 7. The entrance LED lights up

Figure 8. The exit LED is on

3. Buzzer Testing

This tool has determined the maximum limit for movements entering the room, namely 15 movements entering, which is indicated by a buzzer sound every time 15 movements are detected. The aim of creating this tool is to make it easier for the owner of a place to be able to count the number of visitors in his area without having to count manually with the help of someone. The test results can be seen in Table 3. The maximum notification limit experiment in the form of a buzzer sound has been running according to the application flow when the number of visitors in the room exceeds the specified maximum limit as in Figure 9.

Table 3. Buzzer test results

Figure 9. Tool reaches maximum limit

4. Tool Testing

This system focuses more on the movements a person makes towards the installed equipment. When movement entering the room is detected by the PIR sensor, the system will start counting. Next, the system will count how many people in the room have detected movement from the system at the entrance. The sensor will detect any type of movement if the attached tool is located in an ideal position and is easy to reach. It looks like in Figure 10 and Figure 11. The tool can detect all types of movement, movement in and out of the room, other components such as buzzers, LEDs and PIR sensors have worked according to the desired system, so the tool has been tested 9 times. As seen in Table 4.

Figure 10. The tool can detect entry

Figure 11. The tool has detected leaving the room

Table 4. Tool experiments

4. Conclusion

The tool has been successfully designed and manufactured as expected, such as being able to detect the movement of a person entering and leaving the room, has been implemented around the door of the house and has been installed in a place that is easily accessible by the PIR sensor. The tool can detect objects, people one by one, conditioned at a distance of 1-4 meters accurately, while at a distance of 5 meters no objects are detected, and has an angle range of 1200. Notification in the form of a buzzer sound has run according to the desired conditions, when the tool If it detects 15 movements, the buzzer will sound.

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