Implementation Pre-Marriage Guidance for Brides and Grooms to Minimize Number of Divorces

Marriage is a sacred bond between husband and wife to live happily. However, many couples end up divorcing due to various factors such as disputes, economics, etc. For this reason, the Government conducts guidance on pre-marriage guidance to minimize divorce cases. This Article reviewed the implementation of pre-marriage guidance in the Office of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Surabaya City to prepare brides and grooms for married life. This research is field research and qualitative. Data collection is conducted by observation, interview, and documentation. The data is then presented, analyzed, and concluded by a deductive analogy. This research concluded that the implementation of pre-marriage guidance in the Office of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Surabaya City follows the Decree of the Director-General of Islamic Community Guidance No. 379 of 2018 concerning the implementation of pre-marriage guidance. In 2020, they held 28 pre-marriage guidance activities. Pre-marriage guidance is done to prepare the brides and grooms to live in harmony to reduce the occurrence of divorce. However, the implementation could be more optimal due to several factors, including funding, human resources, lack of coordination with several institutions, and awareness of brides and grooms to follow marriage guidance. This research contributes to the importance of the role of Pre-Marriage Guidance for Brides and Grooms as the foundation of the family. The debate about roles and barriers is discussed in this article.

Marriage is the relationship of the inner birth bond between a man and a woman as a married couple to form a happy and eternal family based on religious demands (Asrorun Ni'am Sholeh, 2008;Fakih, 2002;Supraptiningsih & Bariyyah, 2019). Marriage is to create a comfortable and permanent family (household) based on the supreme divinity (Walgito, 2004). At the same time, the purpose of marriage in the Compilation of Islamic Law is to realize the domestic life that sakinah, mawaddah wa rahmah (Kompilasi Hukum Islam, 1984).
Marriage does not always guarantee happiness and harmony (Budiarti et al., 2016) in marriages that divorce (Devy & Suci, 2020). One of the reasons for divorce is the shared knowledge and understanding of brides-to-be about domestic life. Therefore some countries hold marriage guidance to brides and groom, such as Kenya (Odero, 2018), Ghana (Rita & Kyeremeh, 2021), Singapore (Suratman, 2021), Malaysia (Ali et al., 2020) and Indonesia (Peraturan Direktur Jenderal Bimbingan Masyarakat Islam Departemen Agama Nomor DJ. II/491 Tahun 2009, 2009). Marriage guidance is done so the bride and groom can mentally prepare themselves for domestic life. They need to know reproductive health (Nema & Sharma, 2007) and have a solid readiness to deal with problems in marriage (Suratman, 2021).
When viewed from these numbers, far more women file for Divorce than husbands. Some factors of Divorce include Domestic Violence (KDRT), gambling, economy, polygamy, and one of the couple being imprisoned, apostate, and abandoned by his partner (Hakim, 2021). The table 1 shows that the highest divorce rate occurred in 2019, which amounted to 6,010. Divorce is dominated by the wife who filed for Divorce. From the table 2, it is known that the divorce case factor decided in the Religious Court in Surabaya is the first factor caused by a spousal dispute, the second factor is economic problems, and the third factor is because one of the couples left the house. The Guidance of pre-marriage is expected to minimize the number of divorces (Djawas et al., 2021). However, the Guidance of pre-marriage is an innovation to answer all the problems that often occur in the family. But its implementation still has many issues, such as in Surabaya.
From the above phenomenon, we reviewed the performance of pre-marriage guidance at the Office of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Surabaya City.  (Fatubun, 2021;Hakim, 2021)

Method
This research is field research. Field Research is an investigation conducted at eight research sites (Fathoni, 2006 legal materials are materials of a unique and essential nature that make it possible to obtain a certain amount of necessary information related to the research being conducted (Sunggono, 2006

Concept of Pre-Marriage Guidance
Marriage guidance is help given systematically to a person or society to develop their potential to overcome the problems of their own families. Pre-marriage guidance is a process of social services in advisory Guidance, assistance given to prospective husband and wife before marriage (Syubandono, 1981). Pre-marriage guidance aims to help individuals prevent the onset of marriage and home life problems and find solutions.
Pre-marriage guidance is done to help prospective married couples get happiness in their marriage (Nasaruddin Latif, 2005), Create a quality generation (Rofi'ah & Widatiningsih, 2020), and become a family that sakinah, mawaddah wa rahmah (Samsul & Husen, 2020). The Sakinah family is harmonious (Azhari, 2021). The twists and turns of marriage and family life become the object of pre-marriage guidance and Islamic family. Therefore, the bride and groom who will be married are explained by the guide on understanding marriage. They describe the purpose of marriage, the wisdom of marriage, the implementation of marriage, husband and wife relations, relationships between family members, property and inheritance, polygamy, Divorce, talaq and referencing, fostering mutual respect between husband and wife, and fostering the willingness to try to make a halal living.  reporting. Participants who have participated in the pre-marriage guidance are entitled to obtain a certificate from the organizer-certificates issued and signed by organizers.

Religious Affairs of Surabaya City
The Ministry of Religious Affairs has the task of organizing affairs in the religious field in the Government to assist the President in managing the state government. where the bride and groom register their marriage." (Drs. Khudori, 2021) The success of a pre-marriage guidance program is undoubtedly due to the existence of supporting factors. In this case, it will be conveyed by Khudori as follows: "The factors that support the success of this program are related to facilities and infrastructure. Supporting facilities in implementing pre-marriage guidance at the Office of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Surabaya City provides pre-marriage guidance modules.
The presentation of sources who are experts in their fields, socializing through social media is also a supporting factor in implementing pre-marriage guidance." (Drs. Khudori, 2021) In the implementation of pre-marriage guidance, there are also obstacles, as conveyed by

Ministry of Religious Affairs of Surabaya city to Prevent Divorce
The The regulations of pre-marriage guidance for brides and grooms are a genuine concern for the high number of divorces and domestic violence cases in Indonesia Meanwhile, if using compelling law analysis and laws governing (complimentary), only the marriage law that goes into the direction that compels, while the BP4 program, the construction of the sakinah family movement, and the bride and groom course or marriage guidance go into the law that regulates (appendages). During this time, attention has focused more on coercive laws but minimal on complementary laws. It's good in addition to paying balanced attention. Also, the concentration of marriage courses or marriage guidance can be raised to rank forced regulations (Nasution & Nasution, 2017). With rules that force all brides and grooms to have the provision of preparation of knowledge and skills in wading into married life, with knowledge and skills are expected to be able to solve problems faced in the life of the household and therefore can achieve the goals of marriage and avoid divorce.

Conclusion
This research concluded that the pre-marriage guidance at the Office of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Surabaya City has been carried out and runs quite smoothly to program plans and procedures from the central Government. This pre-marriage guidance aims to build brides and grooms about wading through the household ark and preparing for them in domestic life. For implementing pre-marriage Guidance, Bimas Islam staff already has a package from the centre where there are many pre-marriage guidance activities in one year. In 2020, 28 pre-marriage guidance activities were carried out. The number of brides and grooms following pre-marriage guidance in 2020 is fewer than in previous years. This pre-marriage guidance begins by spreading invitations directly to prospective brides by collecting spouse data from KUA offices where the bride and groom register their marriage. The application of pre-marriage guidance has been in according to the regulation of the Director-General of Islamic Bimas No. 379 of 2018. Still, the Guidance has not been effective in preventing Divorce.
Its implementation is also not maximal due to internal and external factors. Among the inhibiting factors are the lack of human resources, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, and the lack of awareness of prospective brides to follow the Guidance of pre-marriage.
Participants cannot attend because they work and do not have permission to follow Guidance.