Journal of Biotechnology and Natural Science

Study of Tridax procumbens L. Extract on SOD and MDA levels in Cingarette Smoke Exposed Rats

Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Cigarette smoke is a source of free radicals that can damage cells and tissues of the respiratory tract. Tridax procumbens L. has potential as an antioxidant because it contains flavonoids that play a role in counteracting free radicals. The study aims to determine the potential of Tridax procumbens L. as a source of antioxidants against SOD and MDA levels in Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke. The study used Wistar rats (25 heads) with 5 treatments consisting of K (aquadest), KN (exposed to cigarette smoke), P1 (exposed to cigarette smoke and given 100 mg/kg BW extract), P2 (exposed to cigarette smoke and given 200 mg/kg BW extract), and P3 (exposed to cigarette smoke and given 300 mg/kg BW extract). Extract administration was carried out on days 1-21 and cigarette smoke exposure was carried out on days 8-21. Parameters observed consisted of flavonoid content test (by KLT method, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content), body weight, SOD levels (whole blood method), and MDA levels (TBARs method). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test (P<0.05) followed by Duncan post hoc test. The results showed that Tridax procumbens L. contains flavonoids with an Rf value of 0.23. Body weight showed no significant difference (P>0.05), but SOD and MDA levels were different between treatments (P<0.05) with the most optimum dose of 300 mg/kg BW. The conclusion shows that a dose of 300 mg/kg BW of ethanol extract of Tridax procumbens L. can act as a natural antioxidant from exposure to cigarette smoke in vitro.

The Effect of Fermentation Duration on Alcohol Content of Local Variety of Kelud Pineapple Tepache

Shalsa Neha Kharisma devi, Dwi Ari Budhiretnani, Elysabet Herawati — Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this study was to obtain data on the effect of fermentation time optimization on alcohol content in Tepache made from local varieties of Kelud pineapple and to evaluate the alcohol content with the consumption safety standards set by BPOM RI to ensure that the product remains safe and suitable for consumption. This study was an experimental study and used a completely randomized design (CRD) method with 4 treatments and 6 replications. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the longer the fermentation duration, the higher the alcohol content produced. In 72-hour fermentation, the highest average alcohol content was recorded at 1.3%, followed by 48-hour fermentation with an average alcohol content of 1%. Meanwhile, 24-hour and 0-hour fermentation recorded an average alcohol content of 0%. According to the provisions of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (BPOM RI), drinks with an alcohol content of less than 5% are included in the Group A category, which includes types of low-alcohol drinks that are still allowed to be consumed.

The Potency Of 96% Etanol Extract Of Kirinyuh Leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.) As A Larvasida Of Instar III Larvae Of Anopheles sinensis

Ichsan Luqmana Indra Putra, Robiatul Musaida, Wildan Muhlison — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium and transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes. The increasing number of malaria cases in Indonesia from 2019 - 2021 by 89% in the eastern part of Indonesia causes the need for efforts to control malaria vectors by breaking the mosquito's life cycle, one of which is by using larvicides. The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of various concentrations of kirinyuh leaf extract on the mortality of Anopheles sinensis larvae within 48 hours, and to analyse the LC50 and LT50 values of kirinyuh leaf extract on the mortality of instar III Anopheles sinensis mosquitoes within 48 hours. The research design used a complete randomised design method using 10 Anopheles sinensis instar III larvae. Concentration of kirinyuh leaf extract 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, 0% (K-) and K+ (abate) each concentration was repeated three times. Larval mortality was observed for 48 hours after exposure to kirinyuh leaf extract. Data were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by linear regression test and probit analysis of LC50 and LT50. The results showed a significance value <0.05, meaning that there were differences in mortality at each concentration. The LC50 value obtained was 7%. The LT50 values at K+, 3%, 5%, 7% and 9% were 3.20 hours, 25.53 hours, 32.29 hours, 87.22 hours and 108.59 hours respectively. The conclusion of this study is that 96% ethanol extract has the low potential in killing instar III larvae of An. sinensis.

Antihyperuricemic Activity of Tahongai (Kleinhovia hospita L.) Leaf Infusion in Mice (Mus musculus L.)

Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Tahongai (Kleinhovia hospita L.) is recognized as a traditional medicinal plant originating from East Kalimantan. This species possesses various bioactive properties that contribute to health benefits, particularly from its leaves, which contain active compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids. These bioactive constituents have been reported to exhibit anti-hyperuricemic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-hyperuricemic activity of K. hospita leaf infusion in hyperuricemic mice (Mus musculus L.), which were induced using chicken liver juice. The test material used was an infusion prepared from K. hospita leaves. The experimental design consisted of five treatment groups: a positive control group receiving allopurinol, a negative control group receiving distilled water, and three treatment groups administered K. hospita leaf infusion at varying concentrations of P1=15%, P2=30%, and P3=60%. The results indicated that the highest mean reduction in uric acid levels was observed in the P2 group, which received a 30% concentration of K. hospita leaf infusion, with an average percentage decrease of 19.12%. However, statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA revealed a p-value greater than 0.05, indicating that there was no significant difference in uric acid reduction among the treatment groups.

The Effect of Variations in Sago Dregs Compost Dosage on the Growth and Productivity of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Plants on Marginal Land

Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to determine the effect of applying sago waste compost on the growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivated in marginal land. The research was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with one factor and five levels of compost dosage: B0 (0 tons/ha), B1 (5 tons/ha), B2 (10 tons/ha), B3 (15 tons/ha), and B4 (20 tons/ha), each replicated three times. Observed parameters included leaf number, stem diameter, plant dry weight, fruit number, fruit weight, and yield. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by the LSD test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that the application of sago waste compost had no significant effect on the number of leaves, stem diameter, and plant dry weight. However, the 20 tons/ha treatment (B4) significantly affected fruit weight and yield at 52 days after planting, producing the highest yield of 23.687 tons/ha. The effect was not significant at 45 and 59 days after planting. These results suggest that sago waste compost can enhance cucumber productivity during the fruit-filling phase, even though it has no significant effect on vegetative growth.).

Antioxidant Capacity and Phytochemical Profile of Jatropha curcas L. Leaf Extracts and Fractions Using the FRAP Method

Fahmi Sadik, Amran Nur, Nur Asma S. Somadayo, Sitti Hartina — Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study explored the free radical scavenging potential of Jatropha curcas L. leaves, focusing on identifying active biochemical constituents and evaluating antioxidant efficacy through a series of extraction and chemical analysis procedures. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of several bioactive secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, saponins, triterpenoids, tannins, and flavonoids. In the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay, the ethyl-acetate fraction exhibited the highest level of antioxidant activity (9.19 ± 0.38 µmol TE/g), significantly higher than that of the ethanol extract (3.52 ± 0.71 µmol TE/g), as well as the aqueous and n-hexane fractions. This value corresponds to strong activity according to the TEAC classification, indicating that Jatropha curcas leaves are a promising source of natural antioxidants. The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined to be 6.78 ± 0.27% GAE, while the total flavonoid content (TFC) measured 1.35 ± 0.07% QE. These findings indicate that phenolic and flavonoid constituents play a primary role in the antioxidant activity of the extract. Variations significantly influenced the observed outcomes in the extraction methodology and solvent polarity. In summary, Jatropha curcas leaves possess substantial antioxidant potential, particularly within the ethyl-acetate fraction, supporting further development for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.