Journal of Biotechnology and Natural Science

Breeding Place Preference of Aedes sp. at the Tsunami Area Banda Aceh City

Elita Agustina — 2024-06-29

The rebuilding of the post-tsunami community residential in Banda Aceh has had an impact on the emergence of Aedes habitat. The Aedes choose a container to breed based on biotic and abiotic factors that support their survival. This study aimed to the identification of Aedes species, location and type positive containers Aedes larvae at the area tsunami Banda Aceh. Methods an observational study of a cross-sectional approach involved 100 houses. Data larvae were collected using the single larvae method. Observations of containers were carried out in natural and artificial containers, indoors and outdoors. Positive containers Aedes larvae were recorded for the type of container and location found. The result of the study found two species of Aedes, there were Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Larvae of Ae. aegypti was generally found in containers indoors (71%) and containers outdoors (29%). Larvae of Ae. albopictus were found in containers indoors (10%) and containers outdoors (90%). The types of positive breeding containers of Ae. aegypti found were bathtubs (71%), discarded tires (9%), plastic drums (5%), water tanks (5%), watering pots (5%) and flower pots (5%). The containers were observed found larvae of Ae. albopictus were the bucket (30%), plastic drum (20%), bathtub (10%), discarded tires (10%), pet drinking place (10%), mineral water jar (10%) and coconut shells (10%). Monitoring of containers indoors and outdoors that can hold water is important supports the eradication program breeding places of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus.

Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Turmeric Plants (Curcuma longa L.) Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Deva Anggun Irvanita — 2024-06-29

Endophytic fungi are fungi that live in a mutualistic relationship with their hosts. They can produce secondary metabolites that are similar to the host plant. Turmeric plants (Curcuma longa L) are highly valued for their medicinal properties and contain active compounds in their rhizomes that act as antibacterials. This study aimed to measure the inhibitory effect of endophytic fungi from turmeric rhizomes against the growth of two bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The study involved isolating fungi, observing macroscopic and microscopic morphology, and testing the antibacterial activity of turmeric endophytic fungi against E. coli and S. aureus. A type of endophytic fungi was successfully isolated from the turmeric plant. The morphological characteristics of the endophytic fungi from turmeric plants include a white colour with a cotton-like texture, umbonate topography, radial lines, and concentric circles. In contrast, the microscopic characteristics include septate hyphae and conidia. Turmeric endophytic fungi were found to inhibit both pathogenic bacteria with inhibition zones of 19.25 mm (strong) against E. coli and 13.75 mm (strong) against S. aureus. In conclusion, this study successfully isolated endophytic fungi from turmeric plants that can inhibit the growth of E. coli and S. aureus. However, further identification of the strain and activity tests is necessary to determine the effectiveness of the bioactive compounds in inhibiting the growth of bacteria.

Biogas: Strengthening Green Energy Infrastructure for a More Sustainable Future

Yatin Mulyono — 2024-06-29

Biogas has been available as a renewable energy source to accelerate national economic development. This research aimed to analyze the potential of renewable energy production development in Indonesia and present the application of potential waste processing into biogas. This study fills the knowledge gap through a critical review of the potential for developing renewable energy from animal waste in Indonesia, including biogas, power generation, transportation, and value-added chemicals. This study was conducted using a critical review of research articles and is supported by other related literature. The result of the study showed that Indonesia has great potential to develop biogas production due to its substrate availability, particularly from farm animal waste or other organic waste, even though its utilization has not been maximized. The data showed that primary energy consumption, especially in the industrial and transportation sectors, was dominated by fossil fuels and coal. The production of biogas technology development comprehensively included the processes and techniques of waste handling from biogas production. Most of the biogas application approaches were still in the early stage. Identifying opportunities, obstacles, policies, research, and development is still needed, particularly in this relatively new sector.

Effectiveness of Calina Papaya Leaf Ethanol Extract on The Red Blood Profile of Wistar Rats Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

haris setiawan — 2024-06-29

Cigarette smoke is a source of exogenous free radicals that can affect the blood. Calina Papaya leaves contain secondary metabolites that act as antioxidants. The purpose of the study was to analyze the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Calina Papaya leaves using DPPH method and to analyze the difference in red blood profile of wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke after administration of Calina Papaya Leaves Ethanol Extract (CPLEE). The research method used 24 wistar rats with oral administration of CPLEE for 23 days and exposure to cigarette smoke for 15 days. There are 4 treatments, namely rats not exposed to cigarette smoke and given distilled water (K), rats exposed to cigarette smoke (KN), rats given CPLEE 100 mg/Kg BW then exposed to cigarette smoke (P1) and rats given CPLEE 200 mg/Kg BW then exposed to cigarette smoke (P2). Parameters observed were red blood profile (erythrocyte number, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW). Blood was collected through the orbital sinus and analyzed using a hematology analyzer. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Range Test (P<0.05). The results showed the IC50 value of the extract was 1,194.1 ppm while ascorbic acid was 22.92 ppm. The number of erythrocytes, MCV, MCH and RDW showed significant differences between groups with the highest treatment in P1. The conclusion shows that the antioxidant activity of CPLEE is very weak compared to ascorbic acid but the red blood profile (erythrocytes, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW) in treatment P1 is higher than other treatments.

Establishing Geographical Indicator of Fermented Cacao Beans Using Microbiome Fingerprinting

Imam Bagus Nugroho — 2024-06-29

Geographical indication is an essential label for industrial products. Herein, we aimed to explore a method for establishing geographical indications based on microbial diversity data. We collected two groups of datasets available on the public server of the European Nucleotide Archive. These datasets contain 12 (twelve) NGS-generated reads (amplicon sequencing metagenomes) of fermented cacao beans from Brazil and Mexico. We extracted the microbiome profile using bioinformatic tools in the SHAMAN server. We analyzed further using Principal Component Analysis, Clustering (Ward’s Method of Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering), and UMAP (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection) combined with KNN (K-Nearest Neighbor). We discovered differences in microbial diversity and unique taxa in the fermented cacao beans from Brazil and Mexico. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), such as Liquorilactobacillus, Tatumella, Leuconostoc, Companilactobacillus, and Limosilactobacillus, are unique genera in samples from Mexico, while Bacillus is a unique genus found in samples from Brazil. We have demonstrated the separation of the microbiome profiles between fermented cacao beans from Brazil and Mexico using PCA, clustering analysis and UMAP-KNN. We have successfully developed the proof of concept in establishing geographical indicators based on microbial diversity data or microbiome profiles. In the future, we will extend this research to analyze samples from Indonesia and establish a microbial diversity database of Indonesian fermented cacao. This database is essential for the authentication assay of Indonesian fermented cacao and for developing fine cacao and specialty products.